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Who was Gandhi?
A leader of the Indian independence movement who advocated for nonviolent resistance.
What is quantum mechanics?
A theory in physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.
What is relativity?
A theory in physics that describes the relationship between space, time, gravity, and the universe.
Define genetic engineering.
The modification of an organism's genes to alter its characteristics.
What is Keynesian economics?
An economic theory advocating for government intervention to stabilize the economy.
What is Fascism?
An authoritarian political ideology characterized by extreme nationalism and suppression of opposition.
What is Communism?
A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society with state ownership of the means of production.
Define Decolonization.
The process by which colonies gain independence from their colonizers.
What is a multi-polar system?
A system where power is distributed among multiple centers.
What is a bi-polar system?
A system where power is concentrated in two major centers.
What is self-determination?
The right of a people to choose their own government and political status.
What were the causes and effects of decolonization?
Causes: Weakened European powers, rise of nationalist movements. Effects: Independence of former colonies, shifts in global power.
What were the causes and effects of technological advancements?
Causes: Scientific discoveries, desire for efficiency. Effects: Increased production, new forms of warfare, improved communication.
What were the causes and effects of WWI?
Causes: Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, alliance system. Effects: Collapse of empires, rise of new nations, global economic instability.
What were the causes and effects of WWII?
Causes: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism and militarism, expansionist policies. Effects: Emergence of superpowers, Cold War, decolonization.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Depression?
Causes: Stock market crash, overproduction, unequal distribution of wealth. Effects: Global economic crisis, rise of extremist ideologies, increased government intervention.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of fascism?
Causes: Economic hardship, social unrest, weak democratic institutions. Effects: Authoritarian rule, aggressive nationalism, persecution of minorities, war.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of communism?
Causes: Economic inequality, exploitation of workers, revolutionary ideology. Effects: State control of economy, suppression of dissent, totalitarian regimes.
What were the causes and effects of the development of nuclear weapons?
Causes: Scientific advancements, wartime competition. Effects: Mass destruction, nuclear arms race, Cold War tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of the United States as a superpower?
Causes: Economic strength, military power, political influence. Effects: Global leadership, intervention in international affairs, cultural influence.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower?
Causes: Communist revolution, industrialization, military strength. Effects: Spread of communism, Cold War rivalry, influence in Eastern Europe.