Causes: Weakened European powers, rise of nationalist movements. Effects: Independence of former colonies, shifts in global power.

Causes: Scientific discoveries, desire for efficiency. Effects: Increased production, new forms of warfare, improved communication.

Causes: Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, alliance system. Effects: Collapse of empires, rise of new nations, global economic instability.

Causes: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism and militarism, expansionist policies. Effects: Emergence of superpowers, Cold War, decolonization.

Causes: Stock market crash, overproduction, unequal distribution of wealth. Effects: Global economic crisis, rise of extremist ideologies, increased government intervention.

Causes: Economic hardship, social unrest, weak democratic institutions. Effects: Authoritarian rule, aggressive nationalism, persecution of minorities, war.

Causes: Economic inequality, exploitation of workers, revolutionary ideology. Effects: State control of economy, suppression of dissent, totalitarian regimes.

Causes: Scientific advancements, wartime competition. Effects: Mass destruction, nuclear arms race, Cold War tensions.

Causes: Economic strength, military power, political influence. Effects: Global leadership, intervention in international affairs, cultural influence.

Causes: Communist revolution, industrialization, military strength. Effects: Spread of communism, Cold War rivalry, influence in Eastern Europe.

Weakened European powers, leading to shifts in global power and the rise of anti-colonial movements.

Led to the emergence of the US and Soviet Union as superpowers and accelerated decolonization.

A severe worldwide economic downturn that led to the rise of new ideologies like fascism and communism.

A period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.

Revolutionized medicine with genetic engineering, new disease treatments, and the ability to modify plants and animals.

Allowed for mass communication, news, music, and emergency broadcasts.

Added visual communication, shaping public opinion and influencing social issues.

Dramatically increased the speed of travel and trade.

Boosted crop yields and made farming more efficient, allowing for larger populations.

Revolutionized disease treatment and prevention, leading to increased life expectancy.

Both are totalitarian ideologies, but fascism emphasizes nationalism and private property with state control, while communism emphasizes class struggle and state ownership.

WWI led to the collapse of empires and set the stage for WWII, while WWII led to the rise of superpowers and the Cold War.

Pre-WWI was characterized by European colonial empires and a balance of power, while post-WWII was dominated by the US and Soviet Union in a bipolar system.

Radio enabled mass communication through audio, while television added a visual dimension, further shaping public opinion and culture.

Monarchies have power held by a hereditary ruler (king or queen), while democracies vest power in the people through elected representatives.

Military dictatorships are ruled by military officials, while theocratic states are ruled by religious leaders.

All three empires struggled to adapt to modern technology and changing global power dynamics, leading to their decline.

Both dramatically increased the speed of travel, but airplanes enabled long-distance travel, while automobiles facilitated personal transportation.

Antibiotics treat existing bacterial infections, while vaccines prevent future infections by stimulating the immune system.

WWI was caused by imperialism, nationalism, and militarism, while WWII was caused by unresolved issues from WWI and the rise of fascism.