The leader of the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, responsible for the Cambodian Genocide.

He was the leader of the Nazi Party and the key figure behind the Holocaust.

The deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people based on ethnicity, religion, or other factors.

Hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

An organized massacre of a particular ethnic or religious group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.

The process of depriving a person or group of positive human qualities.

A policy of forced consolidation of individual farms into collective farms, as carried out by the Soviet Union.

The systematic forced removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given territory.

Widespread or systematic attacks directed against any civilian population.

Violations of the laws or customs of war.

A top-down approach to fundamentally restructuring society according to a specific ideology.

A Hutu paramilitary organization that perpetrated the Rwandan Genocide.

Causes: Rise of Nazism, anti-Semitism, Social Darwinism. Effects: Murder of 6 million Jews, creation of Israel, Nuremberg Trials.

Causes: Ottoman nationalism, WWI. Effects: Death of 1.5 million Armenians, displacement, strained Turkish-Armenian relations.

Causes: Soviet collectivization, grain requisition. Effects: Death of millions of Ukrainians, famine, resistance to Soviet rule.

Causes: Khmer Rouge ideology, desire for agrarian society. Effects: Death of millions of Cambodians, social upheaval, economic devastation.

Causes: Ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis, political instability. Effects: Death of hundreds of thousands of Rwandans, refugee crisis, international intervention.

Escalating anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany, fueled by Nazi propaganda and discriminatory laws.

Further escalation of persecution against Jews, foreshadowing the Holocaust, and increased emigration of Jews from Germany.