Causes: WWII fueled anti-imperialism, nationalist movements gained momentum. Effects: Independence of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Causes: Ideological struggle between capitalism and socialism. Effects: Emergence of rival economic systems, economic aid as a foreign policy tool, and the formation of economic blocs.

Causes: Perceived threat of Soviet expansion. Effects: Military alliance between the US, Canada, and Western European countries, based on collective defense.

Causes: Formation of NATO. Effects: Military alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, based on collective defense.

Causes: Desire for freedom and democracy in Eastern Europe. Effects: Crushing of the revolution by the Soviet Union, highlighting its determination to maintain control.

Causes: Desire for political liberalization and reforms in Czechoslovakia. Effects: Crushing of the movement by the Soviet Union, demonstrating its commitment to suppressing dissent.

Causes: Overthrow of the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement. Effects: Establishment of a communist regime in Cuba, leading to political and economic changes.

Causes: Opposition to Salvador Allende's socialist government by the US. Effects: Overthrow of Allende, leading to a military dictatorship and significant political repression.

Causes: Anti-colonial sentiments and desire for independence in Kenya. Effects: Key factor in Kenya's independence in 1963, leading to political and social changes.

Causes: Desire for independence from French colonial rule. Effects: Algeria's independence in 1962, but after a violent and protracted conflict.

The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.

A conflict where opposing powers use third parties as substitutes instead of fighting each other directly.

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

An economic system characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.

Free-market economic policies that reduce government intervention and promote free trade.

An economic strategy that focuses on increasing exports to stimulate economic growth.

An economic system where the state plays a key role in guiding economic development through intervention and regulation.

An economic system where the government controls most economic activities.

An attack on one is an attack on all.

Opposition to colonialism, empire-building, and the subjugation of one group by another.

A leader of the Indian independence movement, advocating for nonviolent resistance.

The first Prime Minister of India, a key figure in the Indian independence movement.

The leader of the 26th of July Movement who overthrew Fulgencio Batista in Cuba.

The socialist president of Chile who was overthrown in a US-backed coup in 1973.

The US-backed dictator in Cuba overthrown by Fidel Castro in 1959.

Cultural Institutions were created to promote each side's ideology. United States Information Agency (USIA).

Cultural Institutions were created to promote each side's ideology. Soviet Peace Committee.