All Flashcards
Define Decolonization.
The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
Define Proxy War.
A conflict where opposing powers use third parties as substitutes instead of fighting each other directly.
Define Capitalism.
An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Define Socialism.
An economic system characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
Define Neoliberalism.
Free-market economic policies that reduce government intervention and promote free trade.
Define Export-Oriented Industrialization.
An economic strategy that focuses on increasing exports to stimulate economic growth.
Define Dirigisme.
An economic system where the state plays a key role in guiding economic development through intervention and regulation.
Define Command Economy.
An economic system where the government controls most economic activities.
Define Collective Defense.
An attack on one is an attack on all.
Define Anti-Imperialism.
Opposition to colonialism, empire-building, and the subjugation of one group by another.
What happened during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956?
A popular uprising challenging the Soviet-backed government in Hungary, seeking freedom and democracy; it was crushed by the Soviet Union.
What was the Prague Spring (1968)?
A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia, including reforms like greater press freedom and the release of political prisoners; it was crushed by the Soviet Union.
What was the 26th of July Movement?
Fidel Castro's movement that overthrew the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista in Cuba in 1959.
What happened in Chile in 1973?
Salvador Allende's socialist government was overthrown in a US-backed coup.
When did India gain independence?
India gained independence from British rule in 1947.
What was the Mau Mau Uprising?
A key factor in Kenya's independence in 1963, involving anti-colonial movements and protests.
What was the Algerian War of Independence?
A war led by the National Liberation Front (FLN) against France, resulting in Algeria's independence in 1962.
When was NATO established?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established on April 4, 1949.
When was the Warsaw Pact established?
The Warsaw Pact was established on May 14, 1955.
What was the Marshall Plan?
A US initiative to rebuild Western Europe after WWII and promote capitalism.
Compare NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Both were military alliances based on collective defense. NATO was formed by the US and Western European countries to counter Soviet expansion, while the Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in response to NATO.
Compare the Hungarian Revolution and the Prague Spring.
Both were movements in Eastern Europe seeking greater freedom and democracy, challenging Soviet control. Both were ultimately crushed by the Soviet Union, demonstrating its commitment to maintaining its sphere of influence.
Compare Capitalism and Socialism.
Capitalism is characterized by private ownership and market-based resource allocation, while socialism is characterized by collective ownership and central planning. They represent opposing economic systems during the Cold War.
Compare Free-Market Economic Policies and Government Intervention.
Free-market policies reduce government intervention and promote free trade, while government intervention involves state control and regulation of the economy. They represent different approaches to economic development.
Compare the decolonization processes in India and Algeria.
India's independence was largely achieved through nonviolent resistance, while Algeria's independence was achieved through a violent war of independence. Both led to significant political and social changes.
Compare the Marshall Plan and Soviet foreign aid.
Both were tools of foreign policy used during the Cold War. The Marshall Plan aimed to rebuild Western Europe and promote capitalism, while Soviet foreign aid aimed to spread socialism.
Compare the economic systems of the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The US followed a capitalist system with private ownership and market-based allocation, while the Soviet Union implemented a command economy with government control over most economic activities.
Compare the cultural ideologies of the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The US promoted a liberal, individualistic culture, while the Soviet Union promoted a collectivistic culture. These rival ideologies influenced cultural institutions and propaganda efforts.
Compare Export-Oriented Industrialization and Command Economy.
Export-Oriented Industrialization focuses on increasing exports to stimulate economic growth, while a Command Economy is government controlled most economic activities.
Compare Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
Decolonization in Asia and Africa was driven by anti-imperialist movements after WWII. In Asia, India gained independence through non-violent means, while in Africa, countries like Algeria experienced violent conflicts for independence.