All Flashcards
Define Decolonization.
The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
Define Proxy War.
A conflict where opposing powers use third parties as substitutes instead of fighting each other directly.
Define Capitalism.
An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Define Socialism.
An economic system characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
Define Neoliberalism.
Free-market economic policies that reduce government intervention and promote free trade.
Define Export-Oriented Industrialization.
An economic strategy that focuses on increasing exports to stimulate economic growth.
Define Dirigisme.
An economic system where the state plays a key role in guiding economic development through intervention and regulation.
Define Command Economy.
An economic system where the government controls most economic activities.
Define Collective Defense.
An attack on one is an attack on all.
Define Anti-Imperialism.
Opposition to colonialism, empire-building, and the subjugation of one group by another.
What happened during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956?
A popular uprising challenging the Soviet-backed government in Hungary, seeking freedom and democracy; it was crushed by the Soviet Union.
What was the Prague Spring (1968)?
A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia, including reforms like greater press freedom and the release of political prisoners; it was crushed by the Soviet Union.
What was the 26th of July Movement?
Fidel Castro's movement that overthrew the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista in Cuba in 1959.
What happened in Chile in 1973?
Salvador Allende's socialist government was overthrown in a US-backed coup.
When did India gain independence?
India gained independence from British rule in 1947.
What was the Mau Mau Uprising?
A key factor in Kenya's independence in 1963, involving anti-colonial movements and protests.
What was the Algerian War of Independence?
A war led by the National Liberation Front (FLN) against France, resulting in Algeria's independence in 1962.
When was NATO established?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established on April 4, 1949.
When was the Warsaw Pact established?
The Warsaw Pact was established on May 14, 1955.
What was the Marshall Plan?
A US initiative to rebuild Western Europe after WWII and promote capitalism.
What were the causes and effects of decolonization in Asia?
Causes: WWII fueled anti-imperialism, nationalist movements gained momentum. Effects: Independence of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
What were the causes and effects of the Cold War on economic policies?
Causes: Ideological struggle between capitalism and socialism. Effects: Emergence of rival economic systems, economic aid as a foreign policy tool, and the formation of economic blocs.
What were the causes and effects of the formation of NATO?
Causes: Perceived threat of Soviet expansion. Effects: Military alliance between the US, Canada, and Western European countries, based on collective defense.
What were the causes and effects of the formation of the Warsaw Pact?
Causes: Formation of NATO. Effects: Military alliance between the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, based on collective defense.
What were the causes and effects of the Hungarian Revolution?
Causes: Desire for freedom and democracy in Eastern Europe. Effects: Crushing of the revolution by the Soviet Union, highlighting its determination to maintain control.
What were the causes and effects of the Prague Spring?
Causes: Desire for political liberalization and reforms in Czechoslovakia. Effects: Crushing of the movement by the Soviet Union, demonstrating its commitment to suppressing dissent.
What were the causes and effects of the Cuban Revolution?
Causes: Overthrow of the US-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement. Effects: Establishment of a communist regime in Cuba, leading to political and economic changes.
What were the causes and effects of the US-backed coup in Chile?
Causes: Opposition to Salvador Allende's socialist government by the US. Effects: Overthrow of Allende, leading to a military dictatorship and significant political repression.
What were the causes and effects of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya?
Causes: Anti-colonial sentiments and desire for independence in Kenya. Effects: Key factor in Kenya's independence in 1963, leading to political and social changes.
What were the causes and effects of the Algerian War of Independence?
Causes: Desire for independence from French colonial rule. Effects: Algeria's independence in 1962, but after a violent and protracted conflict.