Cause: Soviet attempt to control all of Berlin. Effect: Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin.

Cause: Competition for technological and military dominance. Effect: Advancements in space technology and increased Cold War tensions.

Cause: Communist North Korea's invasion of South Korea. Effect: Stalemate, division of Korea, and increased US involvement in Asia.

Cause: Communist North Vietnam's attempt to unify Vietnam under communist rule. Effect: US withdrawal, communist victory, and significant social and political changes in the US.

Cause: Cold War rivalry and internal political struggles in Angola. Effect: Prolonged conflict, devastation, and involvement of external powers.

Cause: Rise of the Sandinista government in Nicaragua and US opposition. Effect: Internal conflict, US intervention, and political instability in Nicaragua.

Cause: Fear of Soviet expansion in Europe. Effect: Creation of a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression and protect Western Europe.

Cause: Response to the formation of NATO and desire to exert influence over Eastern Europe. Effect: Creation of a military alliance to counter NATO and solidify Soviet control in Eastern Europe.

Cause: To prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin. Effect: Symbolized the division of Europe and the Cold War ideological divide.

Cause: Economic stagnation in the Soviet Union, political reforms in Eastern Europe, and increased pressure from the West. Effect: Collapse of the Soviet Union, end of the Cold War, and shift in global power dynamics.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, formed in 1949 by Western nations to counter Soviet expansion and support capitalism.

A military alliance created in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies to counter NATO.

A conflict where opposing sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly.

A competition between the US and USSR to achieve milestones in space exploration, reflecting technological and military power.

A physical and symbolic barrier dividing East and West Berlin from 1961-1989, symbolizing the Cold War division of Europe.

A situation where neither side in a conflict can gain an advantage or achieve a decisive victory, resulting in a deadlock.

A struggle between different sets of beliefs, values, and principles, often shaping political and social systems.

An area where military activities and structures are prohibited, often separating conflicting parties.

A U.S. foreign policy strategy to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War.

A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

NATO was a Western alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion, while the Warsaw Pact was a Soviet-led alliance formed in response to NATO.

Both were proxy wars, but the Korean War ended in a stalemate, while the Vietnam War resulted in a communist victory.

In both wars, the US supported the non-communist side, but the Vietnam War led to greater domestic opposition and eventual US withdrawal.

Both were major crises of the Cold War, but the Berlin Blockade was resolved through airlift, while the Cuban Missile Crisis involved a direct nuclear threat.

The US aimed to contain communism and promote capitalism, while the USSR sought to spread communism and expand its sphere of influence.

The US had a capitalist economy with private ownership, while the USSR had a communist economy with state control.

The US had a democratic political system with free elections, while the USSR had a totalitarian political system with a one-party rule.

In Europe, the Cold War led to division and the formation of alliances, while in Asia, it led to proxy wars and increased US involvement.

Both wars involved ideological conflicts between communism and anti-communism, but the Angolan Civil War also involved issues of race and colonialism.

The US emerged as a global superpower, while the USSR collapsed and its former republics became independent nations.