Global Connections: 1450-1750

Maroon communities

Popé's Rebellion

the Fronde

Mughal–Maratha conflict

Adoption of Western culture

Spread of the Enlightenment

Decline of religious practices

Revival of traditional beliefs

Moctezuma II

Cetshwayo kaMpande

Sitting Bull

Tupac Amaru II

Yaa Asantewaa led armed resistance using Ashanti warrior traditions without significantly incorporating international ideas into her strategy against British rule in West Africa.

Samori Touré waged guerrilla warfare largely based on regional African techniques without extensively drawing upon broader political philosophies opposing imperialism.

Shaka Zulu relied exclusively on military prowess without integrating wider socio-political ideologies into his campaigns against British encroachment.

Gandhi employed both region-specific satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) and globally comprehensible appeals for self-rule based on universal principles like democracy and human rights.

The adaptation of traditional military tactics combined with guerrilla warfare techniques.

Adoption of Spanish language and customs in order to gain political influence.

Formation of alliances with rival European powers like France or England for support.

Utilization of legal arguments based on pre-existing treaties between Europeans and natives.

Japanese immigrant groups within China.

The Qing Dynasty military forces.

Chinese secret society known as "The Righteous and Harmonious Fists."

A coalition of western nations residing in China.

Its failure highlighted the limits of enslaved people's ability to gain freedom through revolt.

France’s loss prompted it to focus on expanding into Southeast Asian colonies instead.

It established Haiti as the first black republic and inspired slave revolts elsewhere.

The revolution directly caused Britain to enact immediate abolition throughout its empire.

Boosted agricultural productivity and population growth

Led to widespread displacement of indigenous farming communities

Caused significant decline in local biodiversity due to monocultures

Prompted immediate industrialization of agricultural practices

The colonization process would remain unchanged despite native immunity

The Spanish conquistadors wouldn’t come to America fearing native immunity

The population losses among indigenous peoples post-European contact could have been significantly less severe, possibly altering colonial interactions and conquests in the Americas.

Native Americans would then possess immunity against all types of diseases worldwide

Africa could colonize Europe instead due to military supremacy.

There would be no significant change in historical outcomes as other factors such as disease and inter-tribal conflicts still favored Europeans.

Africa could prevent all form of European colonization entirely.

Some African regions may successfully resist colonization, leading to different national boundaries on today's maps.