Revolutions (1750-1900)
Which factor primarily drove industrialization's spread from Europe and North America to other regions?
Universal government desire for reduced dependency on agriculture alone for revenue generation.
Economic interest and competitive advantage sought by local leaders or foreign powers.
Global population pressure necessitating new jobs creation at large scale.
A global treaty mandating countries’ industrial development timelines.
How would global trade patterns have likely shifted had steam-powered ships not drastically reduced transoceanic travel time during the Industrial Revolution?
More reliance on terrestrial transport routes like railways for international trade.
Increased importance of regional over intercontinental trade due to longer transit times.
Expanded investment into faster sailing ship designs for oceanic voyages.
Greater use of canal systems to expedite international shipping lanes.
In what way did advancements in communication technologies during the late Industrial Age contribute to global imperialism?
Increased literacy rates led colonies to adopt their imperial languages more readily.
Telegraph networks allowed imperial powers quicker control over distant colonies.
Radio broadcasting enabled direct propaganda dissemination from metropole to colony.
Photography popularized exotic images that reduced support for imperial expansionism at home.
Which development best exemplifies how technology facilitated global trade networks during the late 19th century?
The spread of cotton cultivation lessened dependencies on Asian textiles.
The opening of the Suez Canal shortened sea routes between Europe and Asia.
The invention of telegraphy increased communication between feudal estates.
The usage of wind power led to unpredictability in oceanic voyages’ duration.
Which invention of the Industrial Revolution revolutionized transportation and commerce?
The cotton gin
The spinning jenny
The steam engine
The power loom
In what way could future advancements in green technologies parallel historical shifts from coal to oil that occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Green technologies may reduce urban pollution levels leading back towards agrarian lifestyles, much like early industrial cities' conditions improved over time.
Such advancements could lead to an over-reliance on a single source of energy, risking periodic shortages like historical coal famines.
They may cause geopolitical power shifts by altering which nations control key resources and energy production.
They might drive colonial expansion as nations seek new lands for resource extraction reminiscent of imperial competition for oil fields.
How did the development of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution primarily alter class structures within societies?
It created greater social mobility, allowing skilled artisans to dominate economic production.
It promoted egalitarianism by encouraging worker ownership and profit-sharing in industries.
It reduced the wealth gap by providing widespread employment opportunities for rural peasants.
It led to a more distinct separation between an industrial bourgeoisie and a working-class proletariat.

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Which of the following was a major transportation and communication development that occured during the Industrial Revolution?
railroads
all of the above
telegraphs
steamships
If the process of steelmaking had not been revolutionized by the Bessemer process in the 19th century, which alternative development might have most significantly impacted the pace of industrialization?
Widespread adoption of open-hearth furnaces.
Increased reliance on waterwheel power.
Growth in the use of bronze for infrastructure.
Expansion of artisanal iron forging techniques.
What would have been a likely result if the British government had not passed the Enclosure Acts during the Industrial Revolution?
There would have been an immediate end to feudalism.
The Renaissance period would have extended into the 19th century.
Britain's colonies would have gained independence sooner.
The pace of agricultural innovation likely would have slowed.