Global Conflicts (1900-Present)

Trench warfare inspired romanticized heroic epics that glorified individual soldier’s bravery against odds.

It resulted in an increase in utopian fiction envisioning worlds without conflict or suffering from war.

Literary movements focused on historical fiction set in eras before technology changed warfare so drastically.

The brutal realities of trench warfare gave rise to disillusionment reflected in modernist literature’s darker themes.

It had little effect as literacy rates were too low for it to be influential.

It led to widespread pacifism and opposition to the war effort.

It caused immediate peace movements that ended battles prematurely.

It bolstered national unity and fueled animosity toward enemy nations.

Triple Entente

Triple Alliance

Central Powers

Allied Powers

They employed propaganda emphasizing national unity against foreign adversaries.

Comprehensive political autonomy was granted consistently across all ethnic groups within empires.

Empires predominantly used forceful assimilation tactics eradicating ethnic identities entirely.

Ethnic minorities were systematically relocated away from strategic locations throughout empires.

The Wolowitz Plan

The Schlieffen Plan

The Ubernachten Plan

The Schwiezer Plan

Expanded American presence in the Panama Canal Zone

Russian victory at Tannenberg

Ottoman Empire’s defeat at Gallipoli

German seizure of control over Qingdao, China

Women's roles remained largely unchanged during and after the war.

Women were mostly discouraged from participating in any work during the war.

Women served primarily as combat soldiers during the war.

With men at war, women took on traditionally male jobs, leading to increased calls for gender equality post-war.

War propaganda used by governments influenced future strategies for information control.

Introduction of conscription laws influenced political decisions regarding military service in various countries.

The dissolution of empires post-WWI led to restructuring of political boundaries across Central and Eastern Europe.

Censorship policies implemented during wartime influenced future laws regarding freedom of speech.

Reduced logging activities as conservation efforts became a priority.

Increased biodiversity from interruption of typical human activity patterns.

Over-exploitation due to wartime demands for trenches and fortifications.

Regrowth due to lower domestic consumption outside military use.

Incorporation airplanes military strategy catalyzed discussions aerial sovereignty

The development use chemical weapons like mustard gas led Geneva protocol prohibiting their use

The introduction tank battlefield prompted renewed emphasis fortification design

Widespread adoption machine guns necessitated agreements regarding conduct sieges