#AP World History: Modern - Religious Transformations & Empires 🌍

Hey there, future AP World History master! Let's dive into how land-based empires and religious movements intertwined, especially during the period you're studying. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource for a quick, effective review. Let's get started! 💪

#Land-Based Empires and Their Belief Systems

Many land-based empires were deeply connected with specific belief systems. Here's a quick rundown:

• Hinduism: Dominant in the Indian subcontinent, including the Maurya and Mughal Empires. Key concepts: reincarnation, moksha (spiritual liberation).

• Buddhism: Originated in India, spread across Asia, including the Maurya and Tibetan Empires. Key concepts: Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, enlightenment.

• Islam: Monotheistic religion from the Arabian Peninsula, influencing empires like the Umayyad Caliphate and the Ottoman Empire. Key concepts: one God (Allah), Five Pillars of Islam.

• Christianity: Monotheistic religion from the Middle East, adopted by the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. Key concepts: one God, teachings of Jesus Christ.

• Confucianism: Ethical and philosophical system in China, especially during the Qing Dynasty. Key concepts: social harmony, filial piety, respect for authority.
  

#Religious Movements and Transformations

#The Protestant Reformation

This was a major shake-up in Europe! The Protestant movement challenged the Roman Catholic Church, leading to new Christian denominations.

• Key Players: Martin Luther, Henry IV, and other European rulers.
• Main Ideas: Salvation through faith alone (not good works), challenging papal authority.
• Impact: Led to the creation of Protestant churches (Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican), contributed to the rise of modern nation-states.