#AP African American Studies: Night Before Review 🚀

Hey! Let's get you feeling confident and ready for tomorrow's exam. We're going to break down the key stuff, make it stick, and get you prepped to ace this. Let's do this! 💪

#Black Women's Leadership in the Civil Rights Movement

#Central Role of Black Women

• Black women were essential leaders in the Civil Rights Movement, despite facing gender discrimination within major organizations. 🚺✊
• They emphasized the need to address both racial and gender discrimination during the Black Freedom movement.

- Black women drew upon a **rich history of activism**. 💡 - **Ella Baker** and **Fannie Lou Hamer** were prominent leaders who advocated for addressing the *intersectionality* of race and gender in the struggle for equality.

#Ella Baker's Grassroots Organizing

• Nicknamed the "mother of the Civil Rights movement" for her pivotal role. 💖
• She prioritized grassroots organizing and inclusive, group-centered leadership over hierarchical structures. Think of her as the ultimate team builder! 🤝
• She believed in the power of collective action, empowering individuals to become agents of change.
• She encouraged young activists to combat both racism and sexism.
• She mentored and inspired a new generation of civil rights leaders, especially within the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

#Sit-ins for Full Inclusion

• In her speech at the founding of SNCC in 1960, Baker argued that peaceful sit-ins were more than just about access to goods and services.
• Sit-ins represented the urgent need for the complete inclusion and integration of African Americans in all facets of American society. 💯
• They highlighted the broader goals of the Civil Rights movement beyond desegregation.
• Sit-ins were a powerful tactic to challenge the systemic exclusion and marginalization of Black Americans.

#Dorothy Height's Leadership

• Served as the president of the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) for 40 years. 👑
• Collaborated on numerous significant civil rights initiatives, including the March on Washington in 1963.
• Worked to advance the rights and opportunities of Black women and girls through her leadership at the NCNW.
• Focused on issues such as education, employment, and community development.

Practice Question

Multiple Choice:

1. Which of the following best describes Ella Baker's approach to civil rights activism? a) Top-down, leader-centric organization b) Grassroots, group-centered leadership c) Focus on legal challenges and court cases d) Primarily engaging with political elites

2. What was a key focus of Dorothy Height's work with the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)? a) Promoting segregation in education b) Focusing solely on voting rights c) Advancing the rights and opportunities of Black women and girls d) Limiting community development initiatives

Short Answer Question:

Briefly explain how the sit-in movement, as described by Ella Baker, went beyond just desegregating lunch counters.

#Grassroots Organizing Beyo...