What is the Edict of Milan?
A decree in 313 AD granting religious freedom in the Roman Empire, ending Christian persecution.
What is the Iconoclastic Controversy?
An 8th and 9th-century debate over the use of icons in religious practice, dividing iconophiles and iconoclasts.
What is the Renaissance?
A period of artistic and cultural 'rebirth' in Europe, drawing inspiration from classical antiquity.
What is syncretism in art?
The blending of different artistic traditions, often seen in Colonial Americas.
Define 'iconophile'.
A supporter of the use of religious images (icons).
Define 'iconoclast'.
Someone opposed to the use of religious images (icons), often leading to their destruction.
Compare the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance.
Italian Renaissance focused on Greco-Roman art and humanism, while the Northern Renaissance emphasized religion more strongly alongside humanistic ideals.
Contrast the art produced by iconophiles and iconoclasts.
Iconophiles supported and created religious images, while iconoclasts sought to destroy them.
What was the impact of the Edict of Milan on Christian art?
It allowed Christianity to spread and Christian art to flourish openly.
How did the Great Schism influence Byzantine art?
The split led to the adoption of Eastern Orthodoxy, heavily influencing Byzantine art with mosaics, icons, and grand architecture.
How did the spread of Islam influence art in al-Andalus?
It blended Islamic and Spanish artistic traditions, featuring horseshoe arches, geometric patterns, and calligraphy.
What was the impact of the Black Death on art production?
It caused a decline in art production and patronage due to social and religious upheaval.
How did the Protestant Reformation impact religious art?
It led to a shift away from Catholic motifs, resulting in new forms like Protestant altarpieces.
What was the effect of the Spanish Conquest on Native art?
Native art was often destroyed, and indigenous artists were forced to adapt their styles to depict Christian themes, leading to syncretism.
