Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules
Elijah Ramirez
6 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This study guide covers the four main macromolecules: nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. It emphasizes the relationship between structure and function, detailing monomers, bonds, and key examples for each macromolecule. Specific topics include DNA/RNA structure, levels of protein structure (including denaturation), types of carbohydrates (mono-, di-, and polysaccharides), and lipid functions. Practice questions and exam tips are also provided.
#AP Biology: Macromolecules - Your Night-Before-the-Exam Guide
Hey there, future biologist! Let's make sure you're totally prepped for the AP Biology exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, hitting all the key points and making those connections you need to ace this thing. Let's dive in!
#The Four Giants: Macromolecules
These are the big players in the biological world. Understanding them is crucial. Let's break them down:
- Nucleic Acids 🧬: Genetic info carriers.
- Carbohydrates 🍩: Energy and structure.
- Proteins 🥩: Workhorses of the cell.
- Lipids 😁: Energy storage and membranes.
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Structure Determines Function
Remember, the shape of a molecule dictates what it does. The monomers (building blocks) and their arrangement are key. Think of it like LEGOs – different arrangements, different structures, different functions!
#🧬 Nucleic Acids
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Monomers: Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base).
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Types: DNA (stores genetic info) and RNA (carries out instructions).
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Directionality: 5' to 3' (important for replication & transcription).
- New nucleotides are added to the 3' end during polymerization.
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DNA Structure: Double helix, antiparallel strands.
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A pairs with T (2 hydrogen bonds).
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C pairs with G (3 hydrogen bonds).
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This base pairing ensures stability and accurate genetic info transfer.
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Image courtesy of Lumen Learning
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