Translation
Elijah Ramirez
7 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This study guide covers translation, the process of protein synthesis from mRNA. It details the roles of ribosomes, mRNA, codons, and tRNA. The three steps of translation (initiation, elongation, termination) are explained, along with differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. Finally, retroviruses and their unique reverse transcription process are discussed.
#From RNA to Protein: Translation 🧬
#Overview of Translation
Translation is the process where the genetic code in mRNA is used to build a polypeptide (protein chain) on ribosomes. Think of it like a construction site where the mRNA is the blueprint and the ribosome is the builder.
#Translation in Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes have a unique system where transcription and translation occur simultaneously (co-transcriptional translation). This allows for rapid protein production.
- Simultaneous Process: As RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA, ribosomes attach and start translation.
- Efficiency: Allows for quick response to environmental changes and rapid protein synthesis.
- No mRNA Transport: mRNA doesn't need to move to the cytoplasm, as it is already there.
#The Three Main Steps of Translation
Translation occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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