Unit 9 Review: Applications of Thermodynamics
Caleb Thomas
7 min read
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Study Guide Overview
This study guide covers Unit 9 Thermodynamics in AP Chemistry, focusing on energy and spontaneity of reactions. Key topics include: entropy (S°) as a measure of disorder, Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG°) to determine spontaneity, and its relationship with enthalpy (ΔH). The guide also explores the connection between ΔG°, equilibrium constant (K), and electrochemistry concepts like galvanic and electrolytic cells. It includes practice questions and emphasizes important exam tips.
#AP Chemistry: Unit 9 - Thermodynamics - The Final Frontier! 🚀
Hey there, future AP Chem master! You've made it to the last unit – Thermodynamics! This is where we tie together a lot of what you've learned, focusing on energy, spontaneity, and how reactions actually happen. Let's make sure you're ready to ace this!
#Introduction to Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is all about energy and whether a reaction will occur on its own (spontaneity). Forget just temperature; we're diving into the heart of why things happen!
- System: Where the reaction/process is happening.
- Surroundings: Everything outside the system.
- Universe: System + Surroundings.
Spontaneity is key! A spontaneous process occurs without needing continuous outside help. Think of a ball rolling downhill – that's spontaneous. Rolling uphill? Not spontaneous!
We'll be exploring:
- Entropy (S°): A measure of disorder.
- Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG°): Determines spontaneity.
- Enthalpy (ΔH): Remember this from Unit 6? It's back!
#Major Topics in Unit 9
#9.1-9.2: Entropy (S°)
Entropy (S°) is all about disorder. The more chaotic a system, the higher its entropy.
- High Entropy: More disorder (e.g., gas > liquid > solid).
- Low Entropy: More order.
Reactions can either increase (more disorder) or decrease (more order) entropy.
Image: Entropy increases as a substance changes from solid to liquid to gas.
Think of your room: a clean room is low entropy, a me...
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