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Cause & Effect: Fused powers in parliamentary systems?
Cause: Fusion of executive and legislative branches. Effect: Faster policy-making, less gridlock.
Cause & Effect: Separation of powers in presidential systems?
Cause: Separation of powers. Effect: Checks and balances, potential for gridlock.
Cause & Effect: Fixed-term elections in the UK?
Cause: Fixed-term elections. Effect: Limits the Prime Minister's power to call snap elections.
Cause & Effect: Putin's Dominance in Russia?
Cause: Putin's dominance. Effect: Difficult to analyze semi-presidential system's function.
Cause & Effect: Authoritarian Nature of Russia?
Cause: Authoritarian nature. Effect: Difficult to directly compare with democratic systems.
Cause & Effect: Legislature rejects budget in Nigeria?
Cause: Senate rejected president's budget. Effect: Check on executive power.
Cause & Effect: Strong PM support in Parliament?
Cause: Strong PM support. Effect: Quicker policy implementation (e.g. UK devolution).
Cause & Effect: Regular Q&A sessions with the PM?
Cause: Regular Q&A sessions. Effect: Scrutiny from opposition and majority party.
Cause & Effect: Parliament censuring cabinet members?
Cause: Parliament censuring cabinet members. Effect: Check on the executive.
Cause & Effect: Devolution in the UK?
Cause: Strong support in Parliament. Effect: Quick implementation of devolution policies.
What is the role of the Prime Minister in a parliamentary system?
Head of government, usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature.
What is the role of the President in a presidential system?
Head of state and head of government, directly elected by the people.
What is the role of the Legislature in a parliamentary system?
Chooses the Prime Minister and makes laws.
What is the role of the Legislature in a presidential system?
Makes laws and can check the power of the executive branch.
What is the role of the Judiciary in a presidential system?
Interprets laws and can check the power of the executive and legislative branches.
Role of the House of Commons in the UK?
Holds regular Q&A sessions with the Prime Minister, allowing scrutiny.
Role of the Senate in Nigeria?
Can reject the president's budget, acting as a check on executive power.
Role of the President in a semi-presidential system?
Shares executive power with the Prime Minister, often responsible for foreign policy and defense.
Role of the Prime Minister in a semi-presidential system?
Shares executive power with the President, often responsible for domestic policy.
Role of the Monarch in the UK?
Invites a member of the ruling party (or opposition) to command the government and select a PM.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Separation of Powers?
Parliamentary: No separation of powers. Presidential: Separation of powers.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Executive Selection?
Parliamentary: Legislature chooses Prime Minister. Presidential: People directly elect the President.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Policy-Making Speed?
Parliamentary: Typically faster policy-making. Presidential: Potential for gridlock.
Parliamentary vs. Semi-Presidential: Executive Structure?
Parliamentary: Single executive (Prime Minister). Semi-Presidential: Dual executive (President & Prime Minister).
Presidential vs. Semi-Presidential: Executive Election?
Presidential: President directly elected. Semi-Presidential: President directly elected, Prime Minister appointed.
Democratic vs. Authoritarian: Citizen Input?
Democratic: Citizens have decision-making power. Authoritarian: Little citizen input.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Source of Executive Legitimacy?
Parliamentary: Derived from legislative majority. Presidential: Derived directly from popular election.
Presidential vs. Semi-Presidential: Potential for Conflict?
Presidential: Conflict between executive and legislative branches. Semi-Presidential: Conflict between President and Prime Minister.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Accountability of Executive?
Parliamentary: Executive accountable to legislature. Presidential: Executive accountable to the people (through elections).
Semi-Presidential vs. Presidential: Executive Power?
Semi-Presidential: Divided executive power. Presidential: Concentrated executive power.