All Flashcards
What is Iran's policy on internet access?
Strict control and censorship, frequent internet shutdowns.
What is China's policy on protests?
Severe suppression of any form of dissent or public demonstration.
What is the UK's policy on referenda?
Use of referenda to allow citizens to directly vote on important issues.
What is Russia's policy on large gatherings?
Criminalization of large gatherings to limit political opposition.
What is Mexico's policy on elections?
Moving towards full democratization with direct elections of the President and legislature.
What is Nigeria's policy on peaceful assembly?
Constitutional protection of protests and peaceful assemblies.
What causes political participation to turn violent?
Cause: Frustration, lack of representation. Effect: Violent protests, instability.
What is the effect of government repression on political participation?
Cause: Government repression. Effect: Decreased participation, fear, resentment.
What is the effect of internet shutdowns in Iran?
Cause: Government-imposed internet shutdowns. Effect: Reduced information flow, suppression of dissent.
What was the cause and effect of the Tiananmen Square protests?
Cause: Pro-democracy demonstrations. Effect: Severe government suppression, loss of life.
What is the effect of media censorship on political participation?
Cause: Media Censorship. Effect: Limited access to information, skewed public opinion, reduced political engagement.
What is the effect of restricting voting eligibility based on age?
Cause: Age restrictions for voting. Effect: Exclusion of younger citizens, potential for skewed policy outcomes.
What is the effect of a lack of free and fair elections?
Cause: Lack of free and fair elections. Effect: Decreased legitimacy of government, increased political instability, potential for protests.
What is the effect of suppressing protests?
Cause: Suppression of protests. Effect: Increased resentment, potential for violent resistance, damage to government legitimacy.
What is the effect of a strong civil society on political participation?
Cause: Strong civil society. Effect: Increased citizen engagement, greater government accountability, more diverse political discourse.
What is the effect of limiting the choices of political parties and candidates?
Cause: Limited party and candidate choices. Effect: Reduced voter enthusiasm, decreased political representation, potential for political apathy.
Compare political participation in democracies vs. authoritarian regimes.
Democracies: driven by citizen engagement, protect civil rights. Authoritarian: intentionally control participation, prioritize public order.
What are the differences between civil rights and civil liberties?
Civil Rights: Protection from discrimination. Civil Liberties: Basic freedoms.
Compare elections in the UK and China.
UK: Direct election of parliament, multiple parties. China: No real opposition, no direct presidential election.
Compare media control in Iran and the UK.
Iran: Heavy media censorship, internet shutdowns. UK: Relatively free press, limited government control.
Compare the role of protests in Nigeria and Russia.
Nigeria: Constitution protects peaceful assembly. Russia: Large gatherings are criminalized.
Compare the protection of civil rights in Mexico and Iran.
Mexico: Moving towards full democratization, historically opposition was suppressed. Iran: Restrictions on voting, suppression of protests.
Compare the role of civil society in the UK and China.
UK: Strong civil society, active engagement. China: Civil society is heavily controlled by the government.
Compare the electoral systems in the UK and Russia.
UK: Free and fair elections with multiple parties. Russia: Elections exist, but are often manipulated and lack true opposition.
Compare the government response to protests in Mexico and China.
Mexico: Protests are generally tolerated, but historically opposition was suppressed. China: Protests are severely suppressed (e.g., Tiananmen Square).
Compare the level of internet freedom in Nigeria and Iran.
Nigeria: Relatively open internet access. Iran: Frequent internet shutdowns to control information.