All Flashcards
Define political participation.
Actions by citizens to influence government.
What are civil liberties?
Basic freedoms guaranteed to individuals.
What are civil rights?
Protections from discrimination based on certain characteristics.
Define authoritarian regime.
A system of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a leader or small group not constitutionally accountable to the people.
Define democratic regime.
A system of government where power is held by the people and exercised through elected representatives.
What is a referendum?
A direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal or issue.
What is civil society?
Organizations and associations that operate independently of the government.
Define media censorship.
Government control and suppression of information disseminated through media outlets.
What is government repression?
Actions taken by a government to suppress or control its citizens, often through force or intimidation.
Define legitimate protests.
Public demonstrations that are recognized as lawful and justified expressions of dissent.
What is the role of the Parliament in the UK?
Directly elected by the people, responsible for making laws and holding the government accountable.
What is the role of the President in Mexico?
Directly elected, serves as head of state and head of government.
What is the role of the Supreme Leader in Iran?
Holds ultimate authority, influences political decisions and policies.
What is the role of the ruling party in China?
Holds absolute power, controls all aspects of government and society.
What is the role of the legislature in Nigeria?
Elected by the people, responsible for making laws and representing the interests of their constituents.
What is the role of the President in Russia?
Elected by the people, holds significant power and influence over government policies.
What causes political participation to turn violent?
Cause: Frustration, lack of representation. Effect: Violent protests, instability.
What is the effect of government repression on political participation?
Cause: Government repression. Effect: Decreased participation, fear, resentment.
What is the effect of internet shutdowns in Iran?
Cause: Government-imposed internet shutdowns. Effect: Reduced information flow, suppression of dissent.
What was the cause and effect of the Tiananmen Square protests?
Cause: Pro-democracy demonstrations. Effect: Severe government suppression, loss of life.
What is the effect of media censorship on political participation?
Cause: Media Censorship. Effect: Limited access to information, skewed public opinion, reduced political engagement.
What is the effect of restricting voting eligibility based on age?
Cause: Age restrictions for voting. Effect: Exclusion of younger citizens, potential for skewed policy outcomes.
What is the effect of a lack of free and fair elections?
Cause: Lack of free and fair elections. Effect: Decreased legitimacy of government, increased political instability, potential for protests.
What is the effect of suppressing protests?
Cause: Suppression of protests. Effect: Increased resentment, potential for violent resistance, damage to government legitimacy.
What is the effect of a strong civil society on political participation?
Cause: Strong civil society. Effect: Increased citizen engagement, greater government accountability, more diverse political discourse.
What is the effect of limiting the choices of political parties and candidates?
Cause: Limited party and candidate choices. Effect: Reduced voter enthusiasm, decreased political representation, potential for political apathy.