Political Culture & Participation

Mixed-member proportional representation

Single transferable vote

First-past-the-post (plurality) voting

Proportional representation

Running for political office

Participating in a census survey

Organizing protests and demonstrations

Voting in national elections

Civil societies usually reduce turnout by focusing on non-electoral forms of participation such as protests or boycotts.

Civil societies tend to decrease voter turnout by creating apathy through excessive advocacy campaigns.

Strong civil societies often mobilize voters and increase turnout by raising awareness on issues and candidates.

They have minimal impact on voter turnout since they are typically disconnected from formal political processes.

Policies may reflect traditional gender roles endorsed by predominant religious beliefs.

Implementation of aggressive affirmative action programs for women's representation.

Secular feminist movements dominating policy discussions on gender issues.

Gender-neutral policies unaffected by religious views.

Via silent compliance with existing laws while waiting for opportune moments for institutional reform.

By lobbying for international sanctions against their own country’s government until demands are met.

By mobilizing public opinion through campaigns and demonstrations so as to pressure policymakers into action.

Through direct engagement in legislative debates by securing official positions within the governmental structure.

Laws that protect the right to protest against government policies.

Initiatives aimed at increasing transparency and accountability in governance.

Policies that encourage competitive multiparty elections for representation.

Restrictive media censorship laws limiting freedom of expression.

Instituting mandatory voting laws with penalties for non-compliance.

Implementing strict voter ID laws targeting minority communities.

Decreasing the number of polling stations in urban areas.

Requiring property ownership as a condition for voter eligibility.

Judiciary

Cabinet

Political Party

Interest Group

Political participation is solely influenced by democratic regimes

Democratic regimes are far more affected by political participation

Political participation has no impact on democratic regimes

Political participation undermines democratic values

Single-Party State

Parliamentary System

Direct Democracy

Presidential System