Glossary
Authoritarian Regime
A political system where power is concentrated in a single leader or a small group, with limited political pluralism and individual freedoms.
Example:
In China, the government's tight control over information and severe suppression of dissent exemplify an authoritarian regime.
Censorship
The suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc., that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security.
Example:
When a government blocks access to certain websites or news outlets, it is practicing censorship to control information.
Civil Liberties
Basic freedoms and protections from government interference, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.
Example:
The right to peacefully protest government policies without fear of arbitrary arrest is a fundamental civil liberty.
Civil Rights
Protections from discrimination based on characteristics like race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation, ensuring equal treatment under the law.
Example:
Laws ensuring that all citizens, regardless of their background, have equal access to public services uphold civil rights.
Civil Society
The sphere of voluntary, non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest the interests and will of citizens.
Example:
Environmental groups lobbying the government for policy changes are part of a vibrant civil society.
Democratic Regime
A political system where citizens hold power, typically through elected representatives, and enjoy protected rights and freedoms.
Example:
The United Kingdom, with its direct election of parliament and strong civil society, operates as a democratic regime.
Political Participation
Actions undertaken by citizens to influence the selection of government officials or the policies they enact.
Example:
Citizens in Nigeria engaging in peaceful political participation by voting in national elections.
Protests
Public demonstrations or actions expressing dissent or support for a cause, often aimed at influencing political decisions.
Example:
Citizens organizing a march to demand climate action are engaging in a form of protest.
Referenda
A direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal or law, rather than a vote by elected representatives.
Example:
A country holding a national referendum on whether to join an international organization allows citizens to directly decide the issue.
Suppression
The act of forcibly preventing the development, action, or expression of something, often used by regimes to control dissent.
Example:
An authoritarian government's use of force to break up peaceful demonstrations is an act of suppression.