All Flashcards
What is a claim of fact?
An assertion that can be proven true or false with evidence.
What is a claim of value?
A judgment about what is good, bad, right, or wrong; a subjective evaluation.
What is a claim of policy?
An argument about what should be done or what action should be taken.
Define inductive reasoning.
Moving from specific examples to a general conclusion.
Define deductive reasoning.
Moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
What is causal reasoning?
Arguing that one thing directly causes another.
What is analogical reasoning?
Comparing two similar things to make a point about one of them.
Define anecdote.
A brief, often personal story used to illustrate a point or connect with the audience.
What is expert testimony?
Opinions or statements from individuals recognized as authorities on a particular subject.
What is plagiarism?
Taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as your own without proper attribution.
What is the purpose of a thesis statement?
A thesis statement presents the main argument of an essay and guides the reader.
How does evidence strengthen an argument?
Evidence provides support for claims and makes the argument more persuasive and credible.
What role does reasoning play in argumentation?
Reasoning connects evidence to the claim, showing how the evidence supports the argument.
Why is it important to address counterarguments?
Addressing counterarguments strengthens your argument by showing you've considered other viewpoints.
What is the role of a conclusion in an argument?
A conclusion summarizes the main points and reinforces the thesis of the argument.
What are the key elements of a persuasive argument?
Clear claim, strong evidence, logical reasoning, and consideration of opposing viewpoints.
How does ethos contribute to an argument?
Ethos establishes the speaker's credibility and trustworthiness, making the argument more persuasive.
How does pathos contribute to an argument?
Pathos appeals to the audience's emotions, making the argument more relatable and impactful.
How does logos contribute to an argument?
Logos uses logical reasoning and evidence to persuade the audience, making the argument sound.
What is the purpose of a works cited page?
A works cited page lists all the sources used in the argument, giving credit to the original authors.
What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is the bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true or good because it's popular.
What is a false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist; an 'either/or' fallacy.
What is hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence.
What is circular reasoning?
The argument's premise assumes the conclusion is true; the argument goes in a circle.
Explain the appeal to emotion fallacy.
Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument.
What is a red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the main issue.
What is the slippery slope fallacy?
Asserting that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is the appeal to authority fallacy?
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said so, regardless of evidence.