Serious, objective, and avoids colloquialisms.

Casual, personal, and may include colloquialisms.

Uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or ridicule.

Impartial, factual, and avoids personal opinions or biases.

Personal, opinionated, and reflects the writer's own perspective.

Tone can influence the audience's emotional response and how they interpret the writer's intentions.

Word choice creates a specific atmosphere and conveys the writer's attitude toward the subject.

Creates a formal, sophisticated, and authoritative style.

Creates a casual, relatable, and informal style.

Sentence structure can create a sense of urgency, calm, or complexity.

Claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal.

The main argument or point being made.

Facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions that support a claim.

The connection between the evidence and the claim.

Addressing and refuting opposing viewpoints to strengthen the writer's own argument.

Moving from specific observations to a general conclusion.

Moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

To summarize the main points, restate the thesis, and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Evidence should be credible and persuasive to the specific audience being addressed.

Clear thesis, strong evidence, logical reasoning, and effective counterarguments.

A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

A sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon.

Using the same grammatical structure for similar ideas.

A sentence in which the main clause is withheld until the end.

A clause that can stand alone as a sentence.

A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Creates a sense of clarity, directness, and urgency.

Creates a sense of sophistication, detail, and complexity.

Keeps the audience engaged and prevents monotony.

Enhances credibility and ensures clear communication.