Word choice; impacts tone and effectiveness.

Sentence structure; affects clarity and engagement.

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

A word that imitates a sound.

A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.

A tone characterized by conflict or opposition.

The state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote.

The strategic decisions a writer makes to achieve a particular effect or purpose with their audience.

A concise statement of the main argument or point of an essay.

Attacking the person making the argument, not the argument itself.

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.

Presenting only two options when more exist.

Arguing that something is true because it is popular.

Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

Asserting that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.

Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main argument.

Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said so, without sufficient evidence.

Using the conclusion to support the premise, and vice versa.

To ensure arguments are sound, credible, and persuasive.

Serious, objective, and avoids colloquialisms.

Casual, personal, and may include colloquialisms.

Uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or ridicule.

Impartial, factual, and avoids personal opinions or biases.

Personal, opinionated, and reflects the writer's own perspective.

Tone can influence the audience's emotional response and how they interpret the writer's intentions.

Word choice creates a specific atmosphere and conveys the writer's attitude toward the subject.

Creates a formal, sophisticated, and authoritative style.

Creates a casual, relatable, and informal style.

Sentence structure can create a sense of urgency, calm, or complexity.