All Flashcards
Compare Liberalism and Marxism.
Liberalism advocates for individual rights and freedoms, while Marxism calls for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Compare the British Industrial Revolution and later industrialization in other European nations.
Britain had early advantages like resources and stability, while other nations often required state support to catch up.
Compare the perspectives of the working class and the middle class during industrialization.
The working class faced poverty and poor conditions, while the middle class benefited as factory owners and entrepreneurs.
Define Industrial Revolution.
A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
What is the working class?
The social class consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.
Define Middle Class.
The social class between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers.
What is urbanization?
The process of increasing the population of people living in towns and cities.
Define Proletariat.
The working class, central to Marxist theory; those who sell their labor for wages.
What is Liberalism?
A political ideology advocating for individual rights and freedoms.
Define Marxism.
A political and economic theory where a classless society is structured upon communal ownership of the means of production.
What is Conservatism?
A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion.
Define Reform Movements.
Government-supported initiatives to solve social issues arising from industrialization.
What is a spinning jenny?
An early multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton.
Who was Karl Marx?
A critic of capitalism who highlighted inequality and advocated for a classless society.
Who was Jeremy Bentham?
A liberal who advocated for individual rights and freedoms.
Who was John Stuart Mill?
A liberal who advocated for individual rights and freedoms.
Who was Friedrich Engels?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Who was Clara Zetkin?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Who was Rosa Luxemburg?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.