All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of British Industrialization?
Causes: political stability, natural resources, colonial resources, early investment. Effects: global inspiration, state involvement in other nations.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: industrial growth, migration from rural areas. Effects: overcrowding, increased poverty, spread of disease.
What were the causes and effects of class conflict?
Causes: tension between working class and factory owners. Effects: rise of new ideologies like Marxism, pressure for reform.
What were the causes and effects of new ideologies?
Causes: social problems from industrialization, class conflict. Effects: pressure for reform, government response.
What were the causes and effects of reform movements?
Causes: social problems, pressure from grassroots movements. Effects: government-supported initiatives, addressing social issues.
What were the causes and effects of increased participation of women workers?
Causes: demand for labor in factories. Effects: unequal pay and rights, changes in family structure.
What were the causes and effects of population growth?
Causes: improved living conditions, advancements in medicine. Effects: demographic shifts, migration to urban areas.
What were the causes and effects of colonial resources?
Causes: exploitation of colonies. Effects: fueled British industries, provided raw materials.
What were the causes and effects of political & social stability?
Causes: lack of major wars. Effects: uninterrupted production, economic growth.
What were the causes and effects of natural resources?
Causes: abundance of coal and iron. Effects: fueled industries, supported technological advancements.
Who was Karl Marx?
A critic of capitalism who highlighted inequality and advocated for a classless society.
Who was Jeremy Bentham?
A liberal who advocated for individual rights and freedoms.
Who was John Stuart Mill?
A liberal who advocated for individual rights and freedoms.
Who was Friedrich Engels?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Who was Clara Zetkin?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Who was Rosa Luxemburg?
A Marxist who called for radical social change and worker empowerment.
Define Industrial Revolution.
A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
What is the working class?
The social class consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.
Define Middle Class.
The social class between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers.
What is urbanization?
The process of increasing the population of people living in towns and cities.
Define Proletariat.
The working class, central to Marxist theory; those who sell their labor for wages.
What is Liberalism?
A political ideology advocating for individual rights and freedoms.
Define Marxism.
A political and economic theory where a classless society is structured upon communal ownership of the means of production.
What is Conservatism?
A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion.
Define Reform Movements.
Government-supported initiatives to solve social issues arising from industrialization.
What is a spinning jenny?
An early multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton.