Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
Define Agricultural Revolution.
Significant increase in food production that preceded and enabled the Industrial Revolution.
What is the putting-out system?
A system where merchants provided raw materials to rural people who produced goods in their homes (cottage industry).
Define the First Industrial Revolution.
The transition from hand production methods to machine production, primarily in Britain.
What is urbanization?
The process of population shift from rural areas to urban centers, driven by the search for employment.
Define proletariat.
The working class, especially those who sell their labor for wages.
Define bourgeoisie.
The middle class, including factory owners and professionals.
What is industrial capitalism?
An economic system characterized by private ownership, free markets, and the pursuit of profit.
Define the Concert of Europe.
A system of alliances formed by European powers to maintain political stability and suppress revolutionary movements.
Define liberalism.
A political ideology emphasizing individual rights, limited government, and free markets.
Define socialism.
A political ideology advocating for social ownership and control of the means of production.
Define nationalism.
A political ideology emphasizing loyalty to a nation and advocating for national self-determination.
What was the significance of 1815?
Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and the Congress of Vienna, which established the Concert of Europe.
What was the significance of the Factory Act of 1833?
The beginning of workers’ rights laws.
What was the significance of 1845-1850?
The Hungry Forties and the Irish Potato Famine.
What was the significance of the Revolutions of 1848?
Series of widespread revolts across Europe, inspired by liberal and nationalist ideas.
What was the significance of the Great Exhibition of 1851?
Hosted in the Crystal Palace in England, it showcased industrial advancements.
What was the significance of 1870?
The beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution.
What was the significance of 1905?
The beginning of the Russian Revolution.
What was the significance of 1914?
Mechanization became the main production system, and WWI began.
What was the impact of the Agricultural Revolution?
Increased food production, population growth, and a surplus of labor for factories.
What was the impact of the Congress of Vienna?
Established the Concert of Europe, aiming to maintain political stability through conservative policies.
What were the causes and effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
Causes: New farming techniques and technologies. Effects: Increased food production, population growth, labor surplus.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: Industrialization, search for employment. Effects: Overcrowding, new social classes, increased crime.
What were the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Causes: Agricultural Revolution, new technologies. Effects: New social classes, urbanization, new ideologies.
What were the causes and effects of the Concert of Europe?
Causes: Desire for stability after Napoleonic Wars. Effects: Suppression of revolutionary movements, maintenance of conservative order.
What were the causes and effects of the Revolutions of 1848?
Causes: Liberal and nationalist ideas, economic hardship. Effects: Limited reforms, increased political awareness.
What were the causes and effects of new technologies like the steam engine?
Causes: Scientific advancements, demand for increased production. Effects: Increased production, new industries, pollution.
What were the causes and effects of the Factory Act of 1833?
Causes: Concerns about worker exploitation. Effects: Beginning of workers' rights laws, limited child labor.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of liberalism?
Causes: Enlightenment ideas, dissatisfaction with conservative rule. Effects: Demand for individual rights, constitutional government.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of socialism?
Causes: Exploitation of workers, economic inequality. Effects: Advocacy for social ownership, labor movements.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of nationalism?
Causes: Shared culture and language, desire for self-determination. Effects: Unification movements, national rivalries.