Imperialism from the 16th to early 19th century, focused on economic gain through establishing colonies and resource extraction.

Imperialism from the late 19th to early 20th century, focused on economic, political, and cultural domination of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

The application of Darwinian concepts to human society, often used to justify racial and cultural superiority during the New Imperialism era.

Direct or indirect control over a nation’s politics, economy, religion, and society by another nation.

The idea that Europeans had a duty to civilize and Westernize people in other parts of the world.

Agreements between nations that allow goods to be imported and exported without tariffs or other trade barriers.

The adoption of Western ideas, technology, culture, and values.

An economic system in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.

Basic substances in their natural, modified, or semi-processed state used as inputs to manufacturing processes to create finished goods.

The belief that one culture is more advanced, civilized, or morally correct than another.

Old Imperialism focused on direct control and resource extraction, while New Imperialism focused on expanding influence and economic domination.

Old Imperialism was driven by 'God, Glory, and Gold', while New Imperialism was driven by economic, political, and cultural factors.

Old Imperialism used military force and trading posts, while New Imperialism used military bases, economic control, and political influence.

Old Imperialism had less explicit justifications, while New Imperialism used Social Darwinism and the 'White Man's Burden'.

Both involved religious missions, but New Imperialism saw a greater emphasis on Westernization alongside conversion.

Old Imperialism focused on resource extraction, while New Imperialism focused on creating new markets and exploiting cheap labor.

Old Imperialism focused on establishing colonies, while New Imperialism focused on power display and strategic military locations.

Old Imperialism relied on basic military technology, while New Imperialism utilized advanced weaponry like machine guns.

Both led to exploitation, but New Imperialism had a broader impact due to its focus on cultural domination.

Old Imperialism led to the establishment of colonies, while New Imperialism shaped global power dynamics and economic inequalities.

Cause: Industrial Revolution. Effect: Exploitation of colonized regions for cheap labor and resources.

Cause: Mass production. Effect: Creation of guaranteed markets for manufactured goods and huge profits.

Cause: Belief in racial superiority. Effect: Justification for imperialist expansion and exploitation.

Cause: Strategic advantage. Effect: Enhanced military power and control over trade routes.

Cause: Free trade agreements. Effect: Creation of demand and establishment of economic influence.

Cause: Protestant Missions. Effect: Westernization of indigenous populations.

Cause: Industrial Revolution. Effect: Enhanced military capabilities and control over colonized regions.

Cause: Desire for power and prestige. Effect: Increased competition for colonies and global dominance.

Cause: Exploitation of colonized regions. Effect: Increased profits for imperial powers.

Cause: Desire for economic dominance. Effect: Control over local economies and resources.