#AP European History: Imperialism - The Night Before Review 🚀

Hey! Let's get you totally prepped for the exam. We're going to break down imperialism, focusing on what you really need to know, and make sure you're feeling confident. Let's dive in!

#Old vs. New Imperialism: What's the Difference? 🤔

#Old Imperialism (16th - Early 19th Century)

• Motivations: "God, Glory, and Gold" - primarily economic gain, establishing colonies, and resource extraction.
• Methods: Military force, trading posts, forts, and exploitation of indigenous populations.
• Focus: Primarily on establishing physical colonies for trade and resource access.

#New Imperialism (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)

• Motivations: Economic, political, and cultural domination of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
• Methods: Military bases, economic control, market expansion, and political influence.
• Focus: Expanding influence rather than just physical control, driven by national rivalries and strategic advantage.
• Justification: Social Darwinism and the concept of cultural and racial superiority.

**Caption:** A visual comparison of the scope and reach of Old vs. New Imperialism. Note the shift from coastal trading posts to widespread territorial control.

#Motivations for New Imperialism: Why the Rush? 🌍

#Economic Motivations 💰

• Raw Materials: Demand for cheap resources, crops, and labor to fuel mass production.
• New Markets: Creation of guaranteed markets for manufactured goods, leading to huge profits.
• Low Production Costs: Exploitation of colonized regions for cheap labor and resources.

#Religious Motivations ⛪

• Protestant Missions: Modeled after Catholic missions, Protestant missionaries sought to convert indigenous populations.
• Westernization: Missionaries often worked with colonial powers to spread Western cultural values.

#Political and Strategic Motivations 🗳️

• Power Display: Colonies were seen as a symbol of national power and prestige.
• Military Bases: Colonies served as strategic military locations.
• Economic Control: Use of black markets and railroads to control local economies.
• Technological Advantage: Use of modern weaponry like the minié ball bullet, machine guns, and breech-loading rifles.

#Methods of New Imperialism: How Did They Do It? 🛠️

#Free Trade Agreements

• Market Infiltration: Introduction of cheap goods to create demand and establish economic influence.
• Examples: Vaccines, weapons, textiles, and other manufactured products.
• Spheres of Influence: Direct or indirect control over a nation’s politics, economy, religion, and society.

#Social Darwinism and Justification

• **"White Man's Burden