Absolutism and Constitutionalism

Encouraging colonies' fight for independence

Maintaining a balance among European powers to ensure peace

Preventing the spread of monarchy systems across borders

Promoting industrialization at all costs

They led to a reorganization of territories and establishment of new boundaries at the Congress of Vienna to maintain balance.

They resulted exclusively in territorial losses for France with no changes elsewhere in Europe.

They prompted England’s withdrawal from continental affairs to focus only on its colonial empire.

They caused an immediate shift towards democratic governments across Europe due to Napoleon's reforms.

"Foreign Affairs"

"The Long Telegram"

"American Diplomacy"

"Containment and the Cold War"

Increased reliance on divine rights of kings

Rise of feudalism

Rationalism and skepticism towards traditional authority

Emergence of mercantilism

Congress of Vienna

Treaty of Utrecht

Treaty of Versailles

Peace of Westphalia

War of the Spanish Succession.

War of the Polish Succession.

War of the Austrian Succession.

Seven Years' War.

It weakened Russia and altered their relationship with Western powers.

It led to the unification of Germany under Prussian rule.

It resulted in the end of Spanish colonial rule in South America.

It triggered the downfall of British Empire.

The establishment of a constitutional monarchy to limit the authority of the monarch.

The concentration of power in the hands of a single ruler to ensure stability and control.

The distribution of power among European states to prevent one country from dominating the others.

The alliance formed by absolutist rulers to maintain control over their territories.

Advocating for universal male suffrage in the North German Confederation.

Establishing the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Engineering the Austro-Prussian War to isolate Austria from German affairs.

Promoting industrial development through economic reforms in Prussia.

To establish uniform currency across nations involved.

To promote free trade among European powers.

To deter aggression through a system of mutual military support.

To encourage cultural exchanges to prevent misunderstandings.