Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century

It led to the decline of the textile industry and a shift towards agriculture

It spurred political reforms and social equality in Britain

It contributed to the decline of the British Empire and loss of overseas colonies

It revolutionized transportation, manufacturing, and increased coal demand

They promoted equitable land distribution policies.

They increased agricultural efficiency and output.

They limited overseas expansion opportunities.

They decreased urban population growth.

It had no significant impact on Britain's ascendency or its relationship with other European powers

It strengthened Britain's position as the dominant global power and led to the expansion of its empire

It resulted in the loss of Britain's North American colonies and a decline in its global influence

It weakened Britain's colonial empire and increased tensions with other European powers

Shift away from mercantilism to communism

Formation of global free-trade zones

Reduction in transatlantic slave trade

Spread and intensification of global capitalism

"Principles of Political Economy and Taxation"

"The Communist Manifesto"

"On Liberty"

"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"

William Pitt, The Younger

Benjamin Disraeli

Robert Walpole

Sir Robert Peel

Agricultural decline and food shortages.

Access to abundant natural resources.

Resistance to overseas expansion.

Isolationist trade policies.

Governmental records were poorly kept during the Victorian era leading to many inaccuracies.

Political dissent was illegal, so there would be no records of it at all.

Governmental records were usually destroyed after each new administration took office, making reference impossible today.

They may underrepresent or distort dissenting voices due to state censorship and control over information flow.

They called for state ownership of key industries, which limited entrepreneurial activities but improved public welfare.

They favored mercantilist policies that prioritized state control over trade to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition.

They advocated for strict government regulation that stifled innovation but ensured steady economic expansion.

They promoted free-market principles that encouraged competition and contributed to economic growth during industrialization.

Advocated for colonial expansion towards Asia and Africa.

Supported the divine right theory which reinforced monarchal authority.

Inspired radical Whig ideas challenging monarchy and supporting republicanism.

Encouraged religious tolerance and led to separation of church and state in Britain.