Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century

They promoted equitable land distribution policies.

They increased agricultural efficiency and output.

They limited overseas expansion opportunities.

They decreased urban population growth.

It led to the decline of the textile industry and a shift towards agriculture

It spurred political reforms and social equality in Britain

It contributed to the decline of the British Empire and loss of overseas colonies

It revolutionized transportation, manufacturing, and increased coal demand

Governmental records were poorly kept during the Victorian era leading to many inaccuracies.

Political dissent was illegal, so there would be no records of it at all.

Governmental records were usually destroyed after each new administration took office, making reference impossible today.

They may underrepresent or distort dissenting voices due to state censorship and control over information flow.

French revolution

Scientific revolution

Industrial revolution

Agricultural revolution

It had no significant impact on Britain's ascendency or its relationship with other European powers

It strengthened Britain's position as the dominant global power and led to the expansion of its empire

It resulted in the loss of Britain's North American colonies and a decline in its global influence

It weakened Britain's colonial empire and increased tensions with other European powers

Advocated for colonial expansion towards Asia and Africa.

Supported the divine right theory which reinforced monarchal authority.

Inspired radical Whig ideas challenging monarchy and supporting republicanism.

Encouraged religious tolerance and led to separation of church and state in Britain.

Shift away from mercantilism to communism

Formation of global free-trade zones

Reduction in transatlantic slave trade

Spread and intensification of global capitalism

"Principles of Political Economy and Taxation"

"The Communist Manifesto"

"On Liberty"

"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"

Sir Robert Peel

Queen Victoria

Jethro Tull

Robert Walpole

The Empire Writes Back theory focuses on how colonized peoples used literature to resist imperial power

Orientalism primarily critiques Western perceptions and portrayals of the East

The Clash Of Civilizations theory focuses primarily on post-colonial conflicts between different cultures

Subaltern Studies offers nuanced views on colonial power dynamics at play during Britain’s rise to dominance