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  1. AP European History
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Second-Wave Industrialization and Its Effects

Hannah Hill

Hannah Hill

7 min read

Next Topic - Social Effects of Industrialization

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#AP European History: Second Industrial Revolution - Night Before Review ๐Ÿš€

Hey! Let's make sure you're totally prepped for the exam. This guide is designed to be your quick, high-impact review. We'll hit the key points, make connections, and get you feeling confident. Let's do this!

#๐Ÿš‚ From First to Second: Setting the Stage

#The End of the First Industrial Revolution

  • The First Industrial Revolution (roughly 1760-1840) saw the rise of:

    • Textile production ๐Ÿงต
    • Steam power โš™๏ธ
    • Iron production โ›๏ธ
    • Manchester, England, as the first industrialized city
  • By the 1830s-40s, innovation slowed, and industrialization was concentrated in a few areas. It was time for a sequel! ๐ŸŽฌ

Key Concept

The First Industrial Revolution laid the groundwork, but the Second Industrial Revolution took it to a whole new level. Think of it as an upgrade from basic to premium. ๐Ÿš€

#The Second Industrial Revolution: A New Era (1870s Onward)

  • This wasn't just about more machines; it was about better machines and new technologies.

  • Key focus shifted to:

    • Electricity โšก
    • Chemicals ๐Ÿงช
    • Steel ๐Ÿ”ฉ
    • Petroleum ๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ

    The Second Industrial Revolution is a huge topic on the AP exam. It's often linked to social changes, imperialism, and the lead-up to World War I.

  • Railroads ๐Ÿ›ค๏ธ

    • Facilitated transport of raw materials and finished goods.
    • Created integrated national economies and a globalized network.
    • Refrigerated rail cars allowed for the transport of perishable goods.
  • Innovations

    • Bessemer process: Revolutionized steel production.
    • Electricity: Powered factories, homes, and new inventions.
    • Petroleum: Fueled new industries like automobiles.
  • New Inventions * Automobile ๐Ÿš— * Telegraph & Telephone ๐Ÿ“ž * Amusement Parks ๐ŸŽก * Skyscrapers ๐Ÿข * Radios ๐Ÿ“ป * Airplanes โœˆ๏ธ * Refrigeration ๐ŸงŠ

Memory Aid

Think of the Second Industrial Revolution as the "E-C-S-P" revolution: Electricity, Chemicals, Steel, and Petroleum. These are the four pillars of this era. ๐Ÿ’ก ...

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Previous Topic - The Spread of Industry Throughout EuropeNext Topic - Social Effects of Industrialization

Question 1 of 11

Which of the following best describes a primary focus of the First Industrial Revolution? ๐Ÿญ

Electricity and steel production

Textile production, steam power, and iron production

Chemicals and petroleum refining

Automobile and airplane manufacturing