#AP European History: Second Industrial Revolution - Night Before Review 🚀

Hey! Let's make sure you're totally prepped for the exam. This guide is designed to be your quick, high-impact review. We'll hit the key points, make connections, and get you feeling confident. Let's do this!

#🚂 From First to Second: Setting the Stage

#The End of the First Industrial Revolution

• The First Industrial Revolution (roughly 1760-1840) saw the rise of:

  • Textile production 🧵
  • Steam power ⚙️
  • Iron production ⛏️
  • Manchester, England, as the first industrialized city

• By the 1830s-40s, innovation slowed, and industrialization was concentrated in a few areas. It was time for a sequel! 🎬

#The Second Industrial Revolution: A New Era (1870s Onward)

• This wasn't just about more machines; it was about better machines and new technologies.

• Key focus shifted to:

  • Electricity ⚡
  • Chemicals 🧪
  • Steel 🔩
  • Petroleum 🛢️

  The Second Industrial Revolution is a huge topic on the AP exam. It's often linked to social changes, imperialism, and the lead-up to World War I.

• Railroads 🛤️

  • Facilitated transport of raw materials and finished goods.
  • Created integrated national economies and a globalized network.
  • Refrigerated rail cars allowed for the transport of perishable goods.

• Innovations

  • Bessemer process: Revolutionized steel production.
  • Electricity: Powered factories, homes, and new inventions.
  • Petroleum: Fueled new industries like automobiles.

• New Inventions * Automobile 🚗 * Telegraph & Telephone 📞 * Amusement Parks 🎡 * Skyscrapers 🏢 * Radios 📻 * Airplanes ✈️ * Refrigeration 🧊