#AP European History: Night Before Review 🚀

Hey! Let's get you prepped for the AP Euro exam. We're going to break down the key stuff, make it stick, and get you feeling confident. Let's do this!

#1. The Conservative Order and Its Challenges (1815-1848)

#The Congress of Vienna (1815) 🌍

• Goal: To restore the old order after Napoleon's defeat and prevent future revolutions.

• Key Players: Metternich (Austria), Castlereagh (Britain), Alexander I (Russia), and others.

• Outcomes:

  • Re-established monarchies and traditional social hierarchies.
  • Created a balance of power in Europe to prevent any single nation from dominating.
  • Ignored nationalist and liberal sentiments, which would cause problems later.

  
  The Congress of Vienna aimed to turn back the clock, but the genie of revolution was already out of the bottle.

#The Rise of Liberalism and Nationalism 💡

• Liberalism:
  • Emphasized individual rights, constitutional government, and free markets.
  • Inspired by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
  • Often clashed with the conservative order.
• Nationalism:
  • Belief in the importance of national identity based on shared culture, language, and history.
  • Threatened multi-ethnic empires like Austria and Russia.
  • Led to movements for unification (e.g., Italy and Germany) and independence (e.g., Greece).

#Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 💥

• 1830: Revolutions in France, Belgium, and other areas, often with mixed results.
• 1848: A wave of revolutions across Europe, sparked by economic hardship and political discontent.
  • Often failed to achieve long-term goals but showed the growing power of liberalism and ...