json
{
  "multiple_choice": [
    {
      "question": "Which of the following is the MOST significant challenge to urban sustainability in developing countries?",
      "options": [
        "A) Over-reliance on renewable energy",
        "B) High levels of air and water quality",
        "C) Rapid growth of informal settlements",
        "D) Efficient public transportation systems"
      ],
      "answer": "C"
    },
    {
      "question": "A city implements a policy to promote mixed-use development and increase density. Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome of this policy?",
      "options": [
        "A) Increased suburban sprawl",
        "B) Decreased reliance on private vehicles",
        "C) Greater segregation of land uses",
        "D) Higher levels of air pollution"
      ],
      "answer": "B"
    }
  ],
  "free_response": {
    "question": "Discuss TWO challenges that cities face in achieving urban sustainability. For each challenge, explain ONE policy or practice that cities can adopt to address it. (6 points)",
    "scoring_breakdown": [
      "(1 point) Identify a valid challenge to urban sustainability.",
      "(1 point) Explain how the identified challenge hinders urban sustainability.",
      "(1 point) Identify a valid policy or practice to address the challenge.",
      "(1 point) Explain how the identified policy or practice mitigates the challenge.",
      "(Repeat for the second challenge)"
    ],
    "sample_answer": "Challenge 1: Limited Resources. Cities consume vast amounts of resources like water and energy, leading to depletion and environmental degradation. Cities can implement water conservation programs (e.g., rainwater harvesting) and promote energy-efficient buildings to reduce resource consumption. Challenge 2: Pollution and Environmental Degrada...