Vergil, Aeneid, Books 6, 8, and 12

By depicting public reactions towards Caesar’s actions unbeknownst to him

By showing conflicts within Caesar’s inner circle that he is unaware of

By contrasting how allies perceive Caesar versus how enemies do

By revealing Caesar’s strategic thinking that is unknown to other characters

It indicates rapid movement or action.

It creates ambiguity or confusion.

It adds gravity or solemnity.

It introduces humor or levity.

Servitus

Civis

Societas

Exercitus

Petronius chooses restrained narratives whilst Caesar indulges in florid exposition.

Caesar avoids dialectical speech contrasted with Petronius’ inclination toward formal rhetoric.

Caesar utilizes concision and clarity whereas Petronius favors colloquial language and satirical tone.

Both authors employ elaborately descriptive language for vivid imagery.

It suggests an element of choice rather than action driven by external pressures or expectations.

It emphasizes Aeneas’ devotion to family over his destiny decreed by fate.

It highlights Aeneas’ respect for tradition rather than personal honor.

It focuses more on personal allegiance than on fulfilling obligations prescribed by society or gods.

As constantly changing due to luck

As insignificant or ignored by gods

As unavoidable or predetermined

As something wholly controlled by humans

Through Aeneas’s defiance against the gods, mirroring the struggle for power in Rome.

Via Aeneas’s pursuit of personal glory over state, paralleling Augustan propaganda techniques.

By highlighting Aeneas's democratic ideals which align with the reforms of Augustus.

As a dutiful hero embodying pietas, Aeneas reflects Augustus’ ideal Roman virtues.

Portrayal as a proponent of democracy emphasized alignment with Senatorial concerns.

His depiction as a fair and intelligent leader bolstered his political image amid civil strife.

The emphasis on his military defeats provided a cautionary tale about overreaching ambition.

His description as an advocate for peace underscored opposition to his actual war campaigns.

It emphasizes her despair by understating her emotional turmoil.

It highlights Dido’s hopefulness for rekindling her relationship with Aeneas.

It shows Dido’s contempt for Aeneas by subtly praising him.

It conveys Dido’s indifference towards Aeneas through mild expression.

His insistence on strict discipline reveals emphasis placed upon maintaining order crucial for effective military command.

His repeated calls for unity indicate importance assigned to cohesive action emphasizing teamwork above solitary decision-making.

His recurrent reminders about past glories elicit sentiment upholding tradition underscore ingrained respect due historical achievements of predecessors.

His focus on leniency showcases necessity for merciful dealings balancing sternness inherent within authority figures.