Harmony and Voice Leading II (Chord Progressions and Predominant Function)
Samuel Baker
4 min read
Study Guide Overview
This AP Music Theory study guide covers predominant harmonies (ii and IV), including their function in expanding phrases and leading to the dominant (V). It explains the roles of the subdominant (IV/iv) and supertonic (ii/ii°) chords, emphasizing the importance of IV preceding ii. The guide also touches upon voice leading within predominant sections and the use of contrary motion.
#AP Music Theory: Predominants, Submediants, and Cadences - Your Ultimate Review 🎶
Hey there, future music maestro! Let's get you prepped and confident for your AP Music Theory exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource for a quick, effective review, focusing on the need-to-know info for the big day. Let's dive in!
#5.1: Expanding Phrases with Predominant Harmonies (ii and IV)
#What are Predominant Harmonies?
- Predominant chords (ii and IV in major, ii° and iv in minor) ➡️ They lead to the dominant (V).
- Think of them as the preparatory step before the dominant, expanding the basic T-D-T (Tonic-Dominant-Tonic) progression to T-PD-D-T (Tonic-Predominant-Dominant-Tonic).
- They create a stronger sense of harmonic movement and are used more frequently than just T-D-T progressions.
#The Subdominant (IV/iv)
- The IV chord (or iv in minor) is a common first predominant chord because it's a perfect fifth below the tonic, following the circle of fifths.
#The Supertonic (ii/ii°)
- The ii chord (or ii° in minor) is a weaker substitute for the IV chord, adding harmonic interest.
- It often follows the IV chord to expand the predominant section (IV-ii).
Always place the IV before the ii in a progression.
#Voice Leading
Remember: Voice leading in the predominant section should generally move in contrary motion to the bass to avoid parallel fifths and octaves.
Practice Question
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