• Objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion stay in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.
  • Also known as Galilean frames of reference.
• Non-inertial Frame of Reference: A frame where Newton's laws don't apply. This usually means the frame is accelerating or under strong gravitational influence.

Examples of Inertial Frames:

• Standing still, watching a train go by.
• A spaceship cruising at constant velocity in deep space.
• A car moving at a constant speed on a straight road.

#1.2 Rotational Motion 🔄

Let's spin into rotational motion! It's like linear motion, but with angles.

• Rotational Velocity (ω): How fast an object is rotating, measured in radians per second (rad/s). It’s the rotational version of linear velocity.

• Rotational Acceleration (α): How quickly the rotational velocity changes, measured in radians per second squared (rad/s²). It’s the rotational version of linear acceleration.

• Angle (θ): The rotational analog to linear position, measured in radians (rad). Always convert degrees to radians!

• Key Relationships:

  • v = ωr (Tangential velocity = rotational velocity × radius)
  • a = αr (Tangential acceleration = rotational acceleration × radius)
  • ω = Δθ/Δt (Rotational velocity = change in angle / change in time)
  • α = Δω/Δt (Rotational acceleration = change in rotational velocity / change in time)

#1.3 Rotational Kinematics

Just like linear kinematics, we have rotational kinematics equations! These are only valid when angular acceleration is constant. 💡

• Period (T): Time for one full rotation.

• ω = 2π/T (Angular velocity in terms of period).

• **Centripetal Acceleration (ac):*...