A measure of an object's motion; a vector quantity equal to mass times velocity: $\vec{p} = m\vec{v}$

The change in momentum of an object, equal to the force applied times the time interval: $\vec{J} = \Delta\vec{p} = \vec{F}\Delta t$

A system where no external forces act upon it, meaning the total momentum remains constant.

A collision where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.

A collision where momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not. Some kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy.

A collision where objects stick together after impact, resulting in the maximum loss of kinetic energy.

Elastic: Kinetic energy conserved, objects bounce off each other cleanly. Inelastic: Kinetic energy not conserved, some energy lost as heat/deformation, objects may stick together.

Momentum: Measure of an object's motion ($m\vec{v}$). Impulse: Change in momentum ($\Delta\vec{p}$), caused by a force acting over time.

An external force causes a change in the system's total momentum (impulse).

The objects stick together and move with a common final velocity, with a loss of kinetic energy.

Internal forces within a system act in equal and opposite pairs, resulting in no net change in the system's total momentum.