A fear of snakes may have evolved because it helped early humans avoid venomous bites, increasing survival.

If identical twins are more likely to both have schizophrenia than fraternal twins, it points to a genetic component to the disorder.

If adopted children's IQ scores are more similar to their biological parents' scores, it suggests a genetic component to intelligence.

Altruism may have evolved because helping others in a group could increase the group's survival and thus the individual's genes being passed on.

A child might have a genetic predisposition for musical talent (nature), but without exposure to instruments and lessons (nurture), that potential may go unrealized.

Mate selection preferences may have evolved to maximize reproductive success, such as preferring partners with traits indicating health and fertility.

Aggression may have evolved as a way to compete for resources, protect territory, or defend oneself and offspring.

If depression runs in families more than would be expected by chance, it may have a genetic basis.

Eugenics has been used to discriminate against marginalized groups and justify atrocities like forced sterilization.

Understanding that both genes and environment play a role in learning can help educators tailor instruction to individual needs and provide enriching experiences.

Identical twins often exhibit more similar psychological traits compared to fraternal twins, suggesting a genetic influence.

Environmental factors can either enhance or suppress the expression of genetically predisposed behaviors.

Natural selection has shaped human behavior by favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

Adoption provides a different environment which can influence the child's development, potentially leading to different outcomes compared to their biological family.

Eugenics has been used to discriminate against marginalized groups and justify atrocities like forced sterilization.

A genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of developing the disorder, but environmental factors also play a crucial role in whether it manifests.

Early childhood experiences can significantly shape brain development, influencing cognitive and emotional functioning.

Cultural norms can influence behavior by providing guidelines and expectations for how individuals should act in different situations.

Social isolation can have negative effects on mental health, leading to increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other psychological problems.

Chronic stress can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, increasing the risk of various diseases and psychological disorders.

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share about 50%, making them useful for studying genetic influence.

Family studies examine traits within families, while adoption studies compare adopted children to biological and adoptive families to disentangle genetic and environmental influences.

Genes provide a blueprint, while the environment influences how those genes are expressed, highlighting the interaction between nature and nurture.

Evolutionary psychology focuses on the adaptive functions of behavior, while behaviorism emphasizes learning through environmental stimuli and reinforcement.

Eugenics aims to 'improve' the human race through selective breeding, while genetic counseling provides information to individuals about their genetic risks and options.

Twin studies primarily focus on comparing the similarity of traits between twins, while family studies examine the patterns of trait inheritance across multiple generations within a family.

Strengths: Separates genetic and environmental influences. Weaknesses: Adopted children may not be representative of the general population; selective placement.

Twin studies compare trait similarity between identical and fraternal twins, while adoption studies compare adopted children to both biological and adoptive parents to estimate heritability.

Eugenics raises ethical concerns about discrimination and forced interventions, while genetic engineering raises concerns about unintended consequences and designer babies.

Nature provides the genetic predispositions for certain personality traits, while nurture shapes how those traits are expressed through environmental experiences.