Biological Bases of Behavior

Selectively excluding individuals lower socioeconomic status reduce overall cost complexity study

Researchers seek parental consent minors participate bypass necessity ensuring children comprehend procedures involved

Recruit large number volunteers than scientifically necessary simply bolster validity visual data collected

Each participant fully understands risks including possible long-term effects exposure imaging technology

An observational field experiment analyzing general population coping mechanisms after natural disasters without considering specific genotypes.

A randomized controlled trial assigning equal numbers from traumatized populations to differing therapy modalities ignoring genotype variations.

A prospective cohort study tracking individuals with varying social support who possess either low-risk or high-risk resilience genotypes post-trauma.

A retrospective chart review collecting past incidences of trauma-related illnesses alongside familial incidence rates disregarding present social contexts.

Social Learning theory approach

Psychoanalytic approach

Cognitive approach

Neuroscience approach

Only identical twins raised together will exhibit similar personalities due to their shared genetics alone.

Personality traits are solely based on inherited characteristics without environmental interaction.

Genetic predispositions can be expressed differently depending on environmental contexts such as family upbringing or social situations.

Environmental influences completely override genetic dispositions when forming personality traits.

differences among people are accounted for by genes

differences among people are due to the environment

nearly every other human is your genetically identical twin

the occasional variations found at particular gene sites in human DNA are of no interest to science

Experimental manipulation of stress levels in children’s everyday environments

Retrospective analysis using data gathered without guardian consent or child assent

Longitudinal study with informed consent from guardians and assent from children

Cross-sectional study without informing participants of potential distressing content

Genotype

Phenotype

Polygenic inheritance

Epigenetics

Survey asking individuals about their experiences with stressful events and perceived anxiety symptoms.

Longitudinal study tracking anxiety levels in identical twins raised separately in high-stress and low-stress households.

Experimental manipulation inducing stress in participants with varying genetic backgrounds and measuring their physiological responses.

Cross-sectional study exploring correlation between family history of anxiety disorders and individual's self-reported stress level.

Epigenetics

Genetic recombination

Gene mutation

DNA replication

Twin studies

Adoption studies

Genome-wide association studies

Family studies