Biological Bases of Behavior
Implementing neuroimaging methods examine interaction genes nurture cognitive development raises what principal ethical issue pertaining protection human subjects?
Selectively excluding individuals lower socioeconomic status reduce overall cost complexity study
Researchers seek parental consent minors participate bypass necessity ensuring children comprehend procedures involved
Recruit large number volunteers than scientifically necessary simply bolster validity visual data collected
Each participant fully understands risks including possible long-term effects exposure imaging technology
Which research approach would most suitably determine if there is an interactive effect between candidate genes for resilience and supportive social networks following trauma exposure?
An observational field experiment analyzing general population coping mechanisms after natural disasters without considering specific genotypes.
A randomized controlled trial assigning equal numbers from traumatized populations to differing therapy modalities ignoring genotype variations.
A prospective cohort study tracking individuals with varying social support who possess either low-risk or high-risk resilience genotypes post-trauma.
A retrospective chart review collecting past incidences of trauma-related illnesses alongside familial incidence rates disregarding present social contexts.
In what way does heredity interact with environmental influences in determining personality traits according to behavior genetics?
Only identical twins raised together will exhibit similar personalities due to their shared genetics alone.
Personality traits are solely based on inherited characteristics without environmental interaction.
Genetic predispositions can be expressed differently depending on environmental contexts such as family upbringing or social situations.
Environmental influences completely override genetic dispositions when forming personality traits.
Genetically speaking, heritability is the extent to which
differences among people are accounted for by genes
differences among people are due to the environment
nearly every other human is your genetically identical twin
the occasional variations found at particular gene sites in human DNA are of no interest to science
How might researchers ethically investigate the long-term effects of exposure to stressful environments on children's development?
Experimental manipulation of stress levels in children’s everyday environments
Retrospective analysis using data gathered without guardian consent or child assent
Longitudinal study with informed consent from guardians and assent from children
Cross-sectional study without informing participants of potential distressing content
Which approach would look at mental disorders primarily in terms of maladaptive behavior learned through observational modeling?
Social Learning theory approach
Psychoanalytic approach
Cognitive approach
Neuroscience approach
Which proposed research design best explores the interplay between inherited intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and educational environment?
Observing IQ score developments over time in identically intelligent siblings raised in varying educational settings.
Correlational studies looking at school funding versus average student IQ scores.
Conducting standardized IQ testing on random samples from various schools.
Surveying teachers about their perceptions regarding student intelligence across different environments.

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Which type of research design involves comparing the similarity of traits between individuals who are adopted into different families?
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Genome-wide association studies
Family studies
Which concept best represents the interaction of genetics and environment on human behavior?
Genotype
Phenotype
Polygenic inheritance
Epigenetics
In twin studies assessing heritability, what conclusion might researchers draw if monozygotic twins show more similarity in trait expression compared with dizygotic twins reared apart?
CORRECT. Genetic factors play a significant role in trait variation because monozygotic twins share more genes than dizygotic twins do.
INCORRECT 1. Environmental influences are predominant over genetics since rearing environments were different for these twins.
INCORRECT 3. The results are inconclusive about genetics versus environment due to potential biases inherent within twin study methodologies themselves.
INCORRECT 2. Traits have low heritability as monozygotic resemblance implies shared environment impacts despite being raised apart.