How can the cognitive perspective be applied to improve study habits?
By understanding how we process information, we can use strategies like spaced repetition and active recall.
How is the biological perspective applied in treating mood disorders?
By targeting neurotransmitter imbalances with medication.
How can the sociocultural perspective be applied to understand prejudice?
By examining how cultural norms and stereotypes influence attitudes and behaviors towards different groups.
Give a real-world example of how evolutionary psychology explains behavior.
Studying how fear responses may have evolved to help us avoid danger.
How is industrial-organizational psychology applied in the workplace?
To improve employee motivation, productivity, and job satisfaction.
How is clinical psychology applied?
Assessing and treating mental disorders through therapy and other interventions.
How is counseling psychology applied?
Helping people cope with life challenges and improve their well-being.
How is educational psychology applied?
Improving learning and teaching methods in educational settings.
How is social psychology applied?
Understanding how individuals behave in social contexts and how they interact with others.
How is positive psychology applied?
Focusing on human strengths and well-being to promote happiness and fulfillment.
Define Structuralism.
Breaking down the mind into its basic elements through introspection.
Define Functionalism.
Understanding the purpose of mental processes and how they help us adapt.
Define Behaviorism.
The view that psychology should only study observable behavior, not mental processes.
Define Gestalt Psychology.
The approach emphasizing that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, focusing on perception.
Define Psychoanalytic Perspective.
Focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences shaping behavior.
Define Humanistic Perspective.
Emphasizes free will, personal growth, and the potential for self-actualization.
Define Evolutionary Perspective.
Explains behavior as shaped by natural selection and adaptive traits.
Define Biological Perspective.
Focuses on the biological and physical processes underlying behavior, such as the brain and hormones.
Define Cognitive Perspective.
Examines how thought processes, memory, and information processing influence behavior.
Define Sociocultural Perspective.
Examines how cultural and social factors shape behavior and mental processes.
What is introspection and which early school of thought used it?
Introspection is looking inward at one's own thoughts and feelings. Structuralism used it.
Explain the key idea behind Gestalt psychology.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts; we perceive things as organized wholes.
What is the main focus of the psychoanalytic perspective?
The unconscious mind and the impact of early childhood experiences on behavior.
What does the humanistic perspective emphasize?
Free will, personal growth, and the potential for self-actualization.
What is the core idea of the evolutionary perspective in psychology?
Behavior is shaped by natural selection; traits promoting survival are passed down.
What is the focus of the biological perspective?
The brain, hormones, and other biological factors influencing behavior.
What is the central idea of the cognitive perspective?
Thought processes impact behavior; how we think, remember, and process information matters.
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
Behavior is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors; a holistic approach.
What does the sociocultural perspective focus on?
How culture and social situations shape behavior, including norms, values, and beliefs.
What is the key idea behind behaviorism?
Psychology should only study what can be directly observed and measured, focusing on behavior.
