Scientific Foundations of Psychology
According to the biopsychosocial model, an interaction between which three factors would most likely contribute to classifying a behavior as abnormal?
Evolutionary adaptation, survival opportunities, reproductive success rates.
Biological influences, psychological dynamics, social environment.
Cognitive processes, emotional responses, behavioral outcomes.
Sociocultural standards, legal codes of conduct, moral principles.
What approach would researchers most likely use if they sought predictive information about whether high school GPA correlates with college success but didn't intend to establish causality?
Conduct experimental manipulations on learning strategies
Perform twin studies on educational achievements
Use clinical trials focusing on teaching methodologies
Collect longitudinal data on students' academic performance
Which approach is considered to be the most effective method in forming arguments based on psychological evidence?
Empirical Approach
Theoretical Approach
Personalistic Approach
Intuitive Approach
In a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety, anxiety was operationally defined as a self-rated score from 1-10. Specifying exactly how anxiety will be assessed is important for ...
determining cause and effect
plotting correlation
replication
debriefing
How would you structure an experiment using signal detection theory to explore whether experienced video game players have enhanced perceptual sensitivity compared to non-gamers under controlled distractions?
One group test where only gamers respond visual stimuli during multi-tasking situations
Split-half design where gamers/non-gamers respond Faint auditory stimuli amidst varying distraction levels
Matched pairs design comparing reaction times gamers/non-gamers identical audio-visual cues
Double-blind trial observing error rates gamers/non-gamers navigating complex virtual environments
Which psychological perspective focuses on the effects of society & culture on individual behavior?
Behavioral Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Biological Perspective
Which concept underlies Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory when differentiating normal from abnormal behavior?
Self-actualization deficits.
Extrinsic versus intrinsic motivational sources.
Biological homeostasis disruptions.
Constructive versus destructive behavioral patterns.

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To investigate whether bilingualism contributes long-term cognitive reserves against dementia onset comparative lifespan approach involving what testing frequency will likely yield most robust data?
Case-control matching recent onset dementia patients without language background checks
Cross-sectional survey once among elderly bilinguals/monolinguals current mental status
Longitudinal cohort analysis retesting every five years until dementia diagnosis/no-diagnosis
Retrospective chart review medical records past decade monolingual/bilingual dementia patients
Which psychological perspective would be most likely used to analyze how group norms influence an individual's behavior?
Biological Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Humanistic Approach
Socio-Cultural Perspective
In the context of humanistic psychology, what criterion might be used to differentiate abnormal behavior from normal behavior?
Genetic predisposition for certain behaviors.
Reinforcement history of behaviors.
Incongruence between self-concept and actions.
Frequency of specific behaviors compared to societal averages.