All Flashcards
What is the definition of 'Personality'?
An individual's unique pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
What is the definition of 'Motivation'?
The needs or desires that energize and direct our behavior.
What is the definition of 'Emotion'?
A full-body response involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious thoughts.
Define 'Drive-reduction theory'.
We're motivated to reduce internal tension (drives) and maintain homeostasis (balance).
What is 'Homeostasis'?
Maintaining internal balance.
Define 'Incentive'.
External rewards and goals that motivate behavior.
What is 'Intrinsic Motivation'?
Motivation that comes from within.
What is 'Extrinsic Motivation'?
Motivation that comes from external rewards.
Define 'Optimal Arousal Theory'.
We seek an optimal level of arousal, not too much or too little.
What is 'Stress'?
The process by which we perceive and respond to events that we see as threatening or challenging.
What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?
Physiological response precedes emotional experience.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
We are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to higher-level ones.
What is the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion?
We experience physiological arousal, then we look to our environment to label the emotion.
What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
A model that describes how we react to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Performance is best at an intermediate level of arousal.
Explain the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion.
Physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously.
What is the Facial Feedback Effect?
Facial expressions can influence our emotions.
What is Richard Lazarus’s Appraisal Theory?
Our cognitive appraisal of a situation determines our emotional response.
Explain Joseph LeDoux’s Theory of emotion.
Two neural pathways for emotions: a fast one to the amygdala and a slow one to the cortex.
What is the Tend-and-Befriend Response?
Under stress, people (especially women) seek social support.
How can Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs be applied in education?
Ensuring students' basic needs (food, safety) are met before focusing on learning.
Give a real-world example of the Facial Feedback Effect.
Smiling can make you feel happier, even if you initially felt neutral.
How can understanding the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) help in managing chronic stress?
Recognizing the stages of stress response allows for proactive interventions to prevent exhaustion.
How is the Yerkes-Dodson Law applied to test-taking?
Moderate anxiety can improve performance, but excessive anxiety hinders it.