#AP Psychology Study Guide: Introduction to Memory 🧠

#Unit 6: Memory 🧠

Unit 6: Memory typically accounts for 13-17% of the exam.

#Introduction to Memory

Quick Fact

Without memory, we wouldn't be able to learn, form relationships, or even function in our daily lives!

#What is Memory?

Key Concept

Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

#Key Processes of Memory:

Encoding: The process of getting information into our brain. Think of it like typing information into a computer.
Storage: The process of retaining that information over time. Imagine this as saving the information on your computer's hard drive.
Retrieval: The process of getting that information back out when we need it. This is like opening a file on your computer.

Memory Aid

Remember ESR - Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, like a detective (ESR) gathering evidence (encoding), storing it in a case file (storage), and pulling it out to solve a mystery (retrieval).

#Models of Memory:

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model (Three-Stage Model):
- Sensory Memory: The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information. Imagine the fleeting image of a sparkler, or the echo of a sound after it's been made. This is your sensory memory at work!
  - Iconic Memory: Visual sensory memory (lasts less than a second).
  - Echoic Memory: Auditory sensory memory (lasts a few seconds).
- Short-Term Memory: Holds a limited amount of information for a short period (around 20 seconds). Think about trying to remember a phone number you just heard.
  - Can be extended through rehearsal (repeating information).
- Long-Term Memory: Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse. This is where your childhood memories, the capitals of countries, and your favorite song lyrics are stored!

Common Mistake

Students often assume short-term memory is the same as "working memory,

Introduction to Memory