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Neurodevelopmental and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

William Hill

William Hill

8 min read

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Study Guide Overview

This study guide covers neurodevelopmental and psychotic disorders. Key neurodevelopmental disorders discussed include Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Intellectual Disability. The guide then examines Schizophrenia, including its subtypes (acute/chronic), positive and negative symptoms, and associated brain abnormalities. Finally, it touches on Neurocognitive Disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Practice questions and exam tips are also provided.

AP Psychology Study Guide: Neurodevelopmental & Psychotic Disorders

Hey there, future AP Psych master! πŸ‘‹ Let's get you prepped for the exam with a super-focused review of neurodevelopmental and psychotic disorders. We'll break down the key concepts, connect the dots, and make sure you're feeling confident and ready to ace this section. Let's dive in!

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These disorders stem from unusual brain development or damage. They often show up early in life and affect how people learn, communicate, and interact. Remember, these are not just 'quirks'β€”they're significant differences in brain function. Let's explore the most important ones for the AP exam:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

ASD is characterized by differences in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Think of it as a spectrum, meaning the severity and presentation vary widely from person to person. People with ASD may:

  • Have difficulty interpreting social cues 🎭
  • Prefer routine and predictability πŸ“…
  • Exhibit atypical speech patterns and interests πŸ—£οΈ
  • Show repetitive behaviors or movements πŸ”„
Key Concept

Remember, ASD is a spectrum. No two individuals with ASD are exactly alike, and their strengths and challenges can vary significantly.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD involves challenges with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It's not just about being 'hyper'; it's a neurodevelopmental difference that affects executive functions. Key symptoms include:

  1. Inattention: Difficulty focusing, easily distracted πŸ˜΅β€πŸ’«
  2. Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness πŸƒ
  3. Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, interrupting πŸ—£οΈ
Quick Fact

ADHD is highly heritable and can be managed with medication and behavioral therapies.

Common Mistake

Don't assume ADHD is just about kids being 'naughty.' It's a genuine neurological condition with significant impacts on daily life.

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Image Courtesy of Verywell Mind

Intellectual Disability

Characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. People with intellectual disabilities may:

  • Have diffic...

Question 1 of 12

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? πŸ€”

Excessive sociability and outgoing behavior

Strong preference for routine and predictability

High flexibility and adaptability to change

Consistent and typical speech patterns