#AP US History: Night Before Review 🚀

Hey, you've got this! Let's make sure you're feeling super confident for your AP US History exam. This guide is designed to be your quick-scan, high-impact resource for tonight. Let's dive in!

#The First Party System (Late 1700s - Early 1800s)

The First Party System is a major topic. Understanding the differences between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans is crucial. It sets the stage for later political developments.

#Key Players and Ideologies

#Key Features

• Two-Party System: The emergence of the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans created a two-party system that shaped early American politics.
• Ideological Divide: The parties had fundamentally different views on the role of government, the economy, and foreign policy.
• Political Conflicts: The system was marked by intense political debates and conflicts, including those over the national bank and foreign policy.

#The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

Thomas Jefferson’s victory over John Adams in the election of 1800 was celebrated through everyday Americans’ material culture, including this victory banner. Smithsonian Institute, National Museum of American History.

#The Revolution of 1800

• Peaceful Transition: Jefferson's victory over Adams marked a peaceful transfer of power from one party to another, a rare event at the time. 💡
• Federalist Decline: The Federalists lost power due to unpopular decisions like the Jay Treaty and the Alien and Sedition Acts.
  • Jay Treaty: Seen as too favorable to Britain.
  • Alien and Sedition Acts: Suppressed dissent and limited immigrant rights.

#Era of Good Feelings? 🤔

• One-Party Rule: The decline of the Federalists led to a period of Democratic-Republican dominance.
• Sectionalism: Despite the name, the era saw increasing sectional tensions between the North and South over economic, social, and political differences.
  • Abolitionism: The rise of abolitionism in the North clashed with the South's reliance on slavery.

#The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• Expansion: Jefferson bought 828,000 square miles from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S.
• Constitutional Concerns: Jefferson worried about the constitutionality of the purchase but saw it as crucial for an agrarian republic.
• Impact: Opened up vast new lands for expansion and established the U.S. as a major world player.

#Other Key Events

1. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (1802): Encouraged innovation.
2. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803-1806): Explored the Louisiana Territory.
3. Abolition of International Slave Trade (1808): Significant step against slavery.
4. Embargo Act (1807): Prohibited trade with foreign ports, unpopular and economically damaging.
5. End of National Bank (1811): Jefferson vetoed its renewal, weakening Federalists.

#The Marshall Supreme Court (1801-1835)

John Marshall's court is HUGE! Focus on the impact of his decisions on federal power and judicial review.

#John Marshall's Legacy

• Chief Justice: Led the Supreme Court for 34 years.
• Federal Power: Increased the power of the federal government at the expense of state governments.

#Key Cases

1. Marbury v. Madison (1803):
   • Judicial Review: Established the principle that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional. ⚖️

2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):
   • Implied Powers: Upheld the constitutionality of the national bank and established the principle of implied powers (necessary and proper clause).
3. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819):
   • Contract Law: Protected private contracts from state interference.
4. Cohens v. Virginia (1821):
   • Federal Supremacy: Established the Supreme Court's authority to review state court decisions.
5. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824):
   • Interstate Commerce: Affirmed the federal government's exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce.
6. Worcester v. Georgia (1832):
   • Tribal Sovereignty: Recognized the sovereignty of Native American tribes and their right to self-governance.

#Final Exam Focus 🎯

#High-Priority Topics

• First Party System: Know the differences between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
• Jefferson's Presidency: Focus on the Louisiana Purchase and its impact.
• Marshall Court: Understand the principle of judicial review and the impact of key cases.

#Common Question Types

• Multiple Choice: Expect questions that test your understanding of key events, figures, and concepts.
• Short Answer: Be prepared to explain the significance of specific events or court cases.
• Free Response: Practice writing essays that analyze the impact of political and economic developments.

#Last-Minute Tips

• Time Management: Don't spend too much time on any one question. Move on and come back if you have time.
• Common Pitfalls: Avoid vague generalizations. Be specific and use evidence to support your claims.
• Strategies: Read the questions carefully, plan your answers, and stay calm. You've got this!

#Practice Questions

Practice Question

#Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following best describes the main difference between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties? (A) The Federalists favored states' rights, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a strong central government. (B) The Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Democratic-Republicans favored states' rights. (C) The Federalists favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a loose interpretation. (D) The Federalists favored an agrarian economy, while the Democratic-Republicans favored an industrial economy.

2. The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) is significant because it: (A) Established the principle of judicial review. (B) Upheld the constitutionality of the national bank. (C) Protected private contracts from state interference. (D) Affirmed the federal government's power to regulate interstate commerce.

3. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 was significant because it: (A) Led to the immediate abolition of slavery in the United States. (B) Doubled the size of the United States and opened up new opportunities for expansion. (C) Resolved all outstanding issues with Great Britain. (D) Established the principle of states' rights.

#Free Response Question

Analyze the ways in which the political and economic developments of the early 19th century (1800-1840) contributed to the rise of sectionalism in the United States.

Scoring Breakdown:

• Thesis (1 point): Presents a clear, historically defensible thesis that addresses the prompt.
• Argument Development (2 points): Provides evidence of political and economic developments and explains how these developments contributed to sectionalism.
• Evidence (2 points): Uses specific historical evidence to support the argument. Examples include: The Missouri Compromise, the Tariff of Abominations, the nullification crisis, the different economies of the North and South, the rise of abolitionism, etc.
• Analysis (2 points): Analyzes the connections between political and economic developments and the rise of sectionalism. Explains the cause-and-effect relationship between the developments and the sectional tensions.
• Synthesis (1 point): Extends the argument by connecting the sectionalism of the early 19th century to later developments or different historical contexts (e.g., the Civil War).

You've got this! Go get that 5! 💪