All Flashcards
What is a Khanate?
A political entity ruled by a khan, similar to a kingdom or empire.
What is Pax Mongolica?
A period of peace and stability across the Mongol Empire, facilitating trade and cultural exchange.
Define 'nomadic pastoralists'.
People who move from place to place with herds of domesticated animals.
What does 'contiguous' mean in 'largest contiguous land empire'?
Sharing a common border; touching.
What is the Golden Horde?
One of the four Khanates; controlled much of Russia and Ukraine.
What was the Yuan Dynasty?
The Mongol Khanate that ruled China, established by Kublai Khan.
What was the Ilkhanate?
The Mongol Khanate that governed Persia and the Middle East.
What was the Chagatai Khanate?
The Mongol Khanate that held Central Asia, the Mongol homeland.
Define 'Religious Tolerance'.
Acceptance and allowance of different religious beliefs and practices.
What is meant by 'psychological warfare'?
Military tactics intended to intimidate or demoralize the enemy.
What were the causes and effects of Mongol military tactics?
Causes: Skilled horsemen, archers, siege weapons. Effects: Rapid expansion, psychological warfare, surrender of enemies.
What were the causes and effects of the division of the Mongol Empire into khanates?
Cause: Genghis Khan's death and succession issues. Effects: Formation of the Golden Horde, Yuan Dynasty, Ilkhanate, and Chagatai Khanate.
What were the causes and effects of the Pax Mongolica?
Causes: Mongol control and enforcement of peace. Effects: Increased trade, cultural exchange, and technological transfer across Eurasia.
What were the causes and effects of Mongol religious tolerance?
Causes: Pragmatic approach to governance and diverse religious backgrounds of conquered peoples. Effects: Exchange of religious ideas and practices, reduced religious conflict.
What were the causes and effects of Mongol standardization?
Causes: Desire to facilitate trade and administration. Effects: Weights and measurements were standardized across Eurasia.
Who was Genghis Khan?
He united the Mongol tribes and initiated the Mongol conquests, establishing the Mongol Empire.