Networks of Exchange (1200-1450)

The facilitation and expansion of trade along the Silk Road.

The spread of Christianity into East Asia.

The introduction of feudalism in Russia.

The invention of gunpowder.

Christianity could have gained more permanent footing in some parts of Central and West Asia.

A shift towards secular rulership styles in nearby Islamic territories due to political contagion effects.

Increased tolerance for Zoroastrianism in the region as a co-favored religion with Christianity.

The emergence of spiritual syncretism combining Buddhistic and Christian dogmas within the Ilkhanate boundaries.

Safety along trade routes

Demanding tribute from those they conquered

Only allowing the production of cash crops, which were sold to other nations

Forcing nations to buy only Mongolian goods

Nomadic

Isolationist

Sedentary

Urban

The policy of religious tolerance facilitated cross-cultural interactions among diverse groups within their territory.

Strict imposition of Tengrism suppressed other beliefs leading to cultural isolationism and resistance from subjugated peoples.

Forced conversions to Islam led to homogenization of religious practices across the empire with little tolerance for diversity.

A ban on Christian proselytizing prevented Western European influences from permeating into Mongol-controlled regions.

Higher urbanization rates in Asian cities fostered by technological exchanges across these regions unaffected by demographic crises caused by epidemics.

A larger indigenous population remaining in Americas uninfluenced by Old World diseases until later centuries.

Increased population density along trading hubs due to improved economic conditions under stable rule.

Population growth rates in Europe and Asia might not have suffered as dramatically due to fewer pandemics like the Black Death spreading across regions.

A single centralized capital city

A network of trade routes

Heavy reliance on naval power

Exclusive agricultural practices

He led the construction of extensive defensive walls on the borders similar to the Chinese Great Wall.

He established a centralized bureaucratic state and implemented reforms modeled after Umayyad Caliphate structures.

He secured control over Kievan Rus' and expanded the western frontiers of the empire's boundaries.

He renounced violence and embraced pacifism, trying to reform the image of his society internationally.

Expanded dissemination of scientific knowledge from various cultures leading to technological innovations elsewhere.

A universal currency system adopted across Eurasia simplifying trade transactions but causing economic homogenization solely.

Complete replacement of maritime trading activities with overland caravan trades controlled by local merchants exclusively.

Elimination of trade barriers that previously existed between Europe and East Asia due to political rivalries only.

Forced migration of millions of people from their native lands in order to rebuild cities according to Mongol designs.

Integration of local populations into administrative structures, promoting multiculturalism within its domains.

Rejection of any mixed cultural interactions, hence leading to a homogenous identity throughout the entire empire.

Inducement of all different ethnic groups to adopt homeland traditions exclusively, without exception.