All Flashcards
Who was Hernán Cortés?
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.
Who was Atahualpa?
The Inca leader captured and killed by Francisco Pizarro.
Who was Zheng He?
A Chinese explorer whose voyages preceded the Ming dynasty's retreat into isolationism.
Define Trading Post City.
European bases for trade and imperial administration, hubs for cultural and economic exchange and exploitation.
Define Treaty of Tordesillas.
1494 agreement dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal.
Define Encomienda System.
Spanish colonists' right to demand labor and tribute from indigenous people in exchange for protection and Christian instruction.
Define Hacienda System.
Large agricultural estates worked by indentured laborers, including indigenous people and African slaves.
Define Mit'a System.
A forced labor system used by the Spanish in mines like Potosi, modified from the Inca system.
Define Middle Passage.
The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.
Define Chattel Slavery.
A system where enslaved people are treated as personal property of the owner and can be bought, sold, traded or inherited.
Define Indentured Servitude.
A labor system where people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed number of years.
Define Asante Empire.
A West African state that became a major player in the slave trade, gaining wealth and power.
Define British East India Company (EIC).
A British company established to take advantage of trade opportunities in India.
What were the causes and effects of European exploration and colonization?
Causes: Desire for new trade routes, wealth, and spreading Christianity. Effects: Establishment of maritime empires, exploitation of resources, and demographic changes.
What were the causes and effects of the Atlantic slave trade?
Causes: Demand for cheap labor in the Americas, decimated indigenous populations. Effects: Demographic decline in Africa, social disruption, and the rise of plantation economies.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's isolationist policies?
Causes: Desire to protect traditional culture from foreign influence. Effects: Unique cultural development, but missed opportunities for global advancements.
What were the causes and effects of the encomienda system?
Causes: Spanish need for labor in the Americas. Effects: Exploitation of indigenous populations, decline in indigenous populations due to disease and overwork.
What were the causes and effects of the silver trade?
Causes: High demand for silver in China and Europe. Effects: Economic prosperity for Spain, forced labor of indigenous people in mines like Potosi.
What were the causes and effects of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Causes: Competition between Spain and Portugal for control of newly discovered lands. Effects: Division of the Americas between Spain and Portugal, influencing language divisions today.
What were the causes and effects of the Seven Years' War?
Causes: Competition between France and Britain for land and resources in North America. Effects: British victory, French expulsion from Canada and India.