All Flashcards
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer who initiated sustained contact between Europe and the Americas, sparking the Columbian Exchange.
What was the role of European powers in the Americas?
Spain, Portugal, France, the Dutch, and the English colonized the Americas, seeking resources, land, and influence.
What was the role of the Dutch in Indonesia?
The Dutch established a presence in Indonesia, seeking control over trade and resources.
What was the role of the British in India?
The British established a presence in India, seeking control over trade and resources.
What is the definition of Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.
What is the definition of Mercantilism?
An economic policy where a nation's wealth is determined by its reserves of gold and silver, advocating for increased exports and decreased imports.
What is the definition of Crop Rotation?
The practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health and increase productivity.
What is the definition of Atlantic Slave Trade?
The brutal system of buying and selling enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
Define cash crop.
An agricultural crop grown for sale to return a profit.
Define deforestation.
The clearing of forests for other land uses, such as agriculture or development.
Define biodiversity loss.
The decline in the variety of life forms in a given environment or ecosystem.
Define colony.
A territory under the immediate political control of a state, distinct from the home territory of the sovereign.
What is the Treaty of The Hague?
The treaty that ended the Dutch-Portuguese War, granting the Dutch control of the East Indies and the Portuguese control of Brazil.
What is the significance of the Ohio River Valley?
A site of territorial disputes between the British and French in North America, contributing to the French and Indian War.
What was the significance of the Columbian Exchange?
It led to the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old World and the New World, transforming societies and economies on both sides of the Atlantic.
What was the significance of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)?
It was a conflict between the British and French over territory in North America, resulting in British victory and control of Canada and the Ohio River Valley.
What was the significance of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763)?
A global conflict between Great Britain and France, resulting in British dominance and acquisition of French territories in Canada, India, and the Caribbean.
What was the significance of the Dutch-Portuguese War (158-1661)?
A conflict between the Dutch and Portuguese for control of trade routes and colonies, resulting in Dutch control of the East Indies and Portuguese control of Brazil.
What was the significance of the Anglo-Mughal Wars (1686-1757)?
A series of conflicts between the British East India Company and the Mughal Empire, resulting in British control over parts of India.
What was the impact of disease during the Columbian Exchange?
Diseases like smallpox, measles, malaria, and yellow fever decimated indigenous populations in the Americas.
What was the effect of increased agricultural output?
It led to increased demand for labor, contributing to the expansion of the horrific Atlantic slave trade.
What happened at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607?
Jamestown was established as an English colony.
What was the impact of mercantilism on European colonies?
Colonies were used for resources and markets, shaping European economies and their colonies.
What was the effect of introducing new crops to Europe?
The introduction of new crops like potatoes and corn led to population growth and dietary changes.