Global Connections: 1450-1750
Which group held significant economic power in European societies during the period from 1450 to 1750?
Artisans
Merchant class
Serfs
Clergy
If silver mining in the Americas had not produced significant wealth for Spain, which alternative development might have most directly shaped European economic practices during the 16th and 17th centuries?
Expansion of agricultural production through land reclamation projects.
Greater reliance on mercantilist policies within Europe itself.
More intensive exploration and colonization of the African interior.
Increased focus on establishing trading posts in India and China.
What was a significant factor in accelerating the expansion of European colonialism from an economic perspective?
Developing farmland within their existing borders.
Resisting foreign influences on their culture.
Dealing with diseases brought back from new territories.
Making trade more efficient through maritime voyages.
In what way did religious reforms initiated by Martin Luther lead to change in Europe during the later part of this period?
They brought about the rapid spread of Islam due to disillusionment with Christian doctrines.
Breaking away from the Catholic Church resulted in the new Protestant sects and increasing religious diversity.
They prompted the Roman Empire to readopt polytheistic beliefs as official state religions.
Lutheran reforms led to a unified Christian church under German leadership, eliminating sectarian conflict.
What was a common response by Asian states such as China, Japan, or Korea when faced with increasing European maritime presence during this period?
Full-scale military alliance with one specific European power against all others for exclusive trading rights and protection benefits.
Limitation or regulation of European merchants' activities within their borders through state policies like Japan's sakoku edicts.
Immediate acceptance and integration into existing trade networks without any resistance or restrictions on foreign merchants.
Which technological innovation had the most significant impact on maritime trade during the period from 1450 to 1750?
Astrolabe
Longboat
Caravel
Compass
Which of the following economic policies, adopted in various regions during the 1450-1750 period, had the greatest impact on reshaping global trade networks?
Mercantilism in European nations fostering colonial expansion.
Ottoman tax farming intensifying state control over agriculture.
The encomienda system in Spanish America focusing on forced labor.
Tokugawa Japan’s closed country edict limiting foreign influence.

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What outcome resulted from conflicts between Russian expansionists and various nomadic groups indigenous to Siberia during the seventeenth century?
Nomadic groups unified under a single leadership forming a lasting empire rivaling Russia
Russian expansion into Siberia halted completely due to successful military resistance by nomadic peoples
Russians consolidated their power creating administrative structures leveraging local elites
A prolonged period of mutual peace ensued based on profitable fur trade agreements among all parties involved
Which societal transformation most accurately reflects the continuity in labor systems despite the changes introduced by European colonialism during 1450 to 1750?
The widespread adoption of encomienda and mita systems in Africa.
The abolition of slavery across the Atlantic world.
The persistence of serfdom in Eastern Europe.
The shift from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe.
What was a common feature in both Mughal India's Zamindar tax system and Russia's serfdom during this era?
Periodic abolishment of hierarchies benefiting nobility classes.
Equal land distribution among peasants or serfs.
Reliance on intermediaries for tax collection or labor control.
Implementation of democratic assemblies at local levels.