All Flashcards
What was the cause and effect of Enlightenment emphasis on reason?
Cause: Emphasis on reason. Effect: Questioning of traditional authority.
What was the cause and effect of Locke's natural rights theory?
Cause: Natural rights theory. Effect: Justification for revolution.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's focus on individualism?
Cause: Focus on individualism. Effect: Rise of feminism and abolitionism.
What was the cause and effect of the rise of nationalism?
Cause: Rise of nationalism. Effect: Creation of new states and revolutions.
What was the cause and effect of Deism?
Cause: Deism. Effect: Shift from faith to reason in religious thought.
What was the cause and effect of challenging social hierarchies?
Cause: Challenging social hierarchies. Effect: Tension and conflict.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on women?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on women. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on enslaved people?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on enslaved people. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on serfs?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on serfs. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on abolitionism?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on abolitionism. Effect: Movement to end slavery.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Believed humanity's natural state was chaos, needed strong government.
Who was John Locke?
Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and social contract.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.
Who was Voltaire?
Championed freedom of religion, speech, and separation of church/state.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Emphasized the common good and the will of the people in social contract.
Who was Adam Smith?
Father of capitalism and free markets, believed in self-interest benefit.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Advocated for American independence in 'Common Sense'.
What did John Locke believe?
Natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
What did Montesquieu advocate?
Separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
What did Voltaire champion?
Freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state.
What did Rousseau emphasize?
Importance of the common good and the will of the people.
What did Adam Smith introduce?
Capitalism and free markets.
Compare Hobbes' and Locke's views on government.
Hobbes: strong government needed. Locke: government to protect rights.
Compare Classical Liberalism and Classical Conservatism.
Liberalism: pushes back on tradition. Conservatism: believes in natural order.
Compare Socialism and Classical Liberalism.
Socialism: public ownership. Liberalism: individual freedom.
Compare the views of Voltaire and Rousseau.
Voltaire: Freedom of speech. Rousseau: Common good.
Compare the views of Locke and Montesquieu.
Locke: Natural Rights. Montesquieu: Separation of Powers.
Compare the views on government of Hobbes and Locke.
Hobbes: strong government, Locke: limited government.
Compare the views on government of Rousseau and Locke.
Locke: protect individual rights, Rousseau: common good.
Compare the views of Adam Smith and Socialism.
Smith: free markets, Socialism: public ownership.
Compare the causes of the American and French Revolutions.
American: taxation without representation, French: social inequality.
Compare the views on government of Hobbes and Rousseau.
Hobbes: absolute monarchy, Rousseau: social contract.