All Flashcards
Compare Hobbes' and Locke's views on government.
Hobbes: strong government needed. Locke: government to protect rights.
Compare Classical Liberalism and Classical Conservatism.
Liberalism: pushes back on tradition. Conservatism: believes in natural order.
Compare Socialism and Classical Liberalism.
Socialism: public ownership. Liberalism: individual freedom.
Compare the views of Voltaire and Rousseau.
Voltaire: Freedom of speech. Rousseau: Common good.
Compare the views of Locke and Montesquieu.
Locke: Natural Rights. Montesquieu: Separation of Powers.
Compare the views on government of Hobbes and Locke.
Hobbes: strong government, Locke: limited government.
Compare the views on government of Rousseau and Locke.
Locke: protect individual rights, Rousseau: common good.
Compare the views of Adam Smith and Socialism.
Smith: free markets, Socialism: public ownership.
Compare the causes of the American and French Revolutions.
American: taxation without representation, French: social inequality.
Compare the views on government of Hobbes and Rousseau.
Hobbes: absolute monarchy, Rousseau: social contract.
What is the Enlightenment?
18th-century movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism.
What is 'Tabula Rasa'?
The idea that people are born as a 'blank slate,' shaped by experience.
What are natural rights?
Inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, not granted by governments.
What is the social contract?
Agreement where people give up some freedoms for government protection.
What is nationalism?
Loyalty and devotion to one's nation, a sense of shared identity.
What is Deism?
Belief in a creator who established natural laws but doesn't intervene.
What is Empiricism?
Knowledge derived from observation and experiments.
What is Socialism?
The public or workers should own the means of production.
What is Classical Liberalism?
Ideas pushing back on traditional politics, society, and economics.
What is Classical Conservatism?
Belief in natural social order, traditional monarchies & nobility.
What is Utopian Socialism?
Ideal societies designed to maximize harmony and equality.
What is Feminism?
Belief that women’s rights are human rights.
What is Abolitionism?
Movement to end slavery and extend rights.
What is Zionism?
Desire for Jewish homeland in the Middle East.
What is Anti-Semitism?
Hostility toward Jews
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Believed humanity's natural state was chaos, needed strong government.
Who was John Locke?
Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and social contract.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.
Who was Voltaire?
Championed freedom of religion, speech, and separation of church/state.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Emphasized the common good and the will of the people in social contract.
Who was Adam Smith?
Father of capitalism and free markets, believed in self-interest benefit.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Advocated for American independence in 'Common Sense'.
What did John Locke believe?
Natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
What did Montesquieu advocate?
Separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
What did Voltaire champion?
Freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state.
What did Rousseau emphasize?
Importance of the common good and the will of the people.
What did Adam Smith introduce?
Capitalism and free markets.