All Flashcards
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Believed humanity's natural state was chaos, needed strong government.
Who was John Locke?
Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and social contract.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.
Who was Voltaire?
Championed freedom of religion, speech, and separation of church/state.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Emphasized the common good and the will of the people in social contract.
Who was Adam Smith?
Father of capitalism and free markets, believed in self-interest benefit.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Advocated for American independence in 'Common Sense'.
What did John Locke believe?
Natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
What did Montesquieu advocate?
Separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
What did Voltaire champion?
Freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state.
What did Rousseau emphasize?
Importance of the common good and the will of the people.
What did Adam Smith introduce?
Capitalism and free markets.
What was the cause and effect of Enlightenment emphasis on reason?
Cause: Emphasis on reason. Effect: Questioning of traditional authority.
What was the cause and effect of Locke's natural rights theory?
Cause: Natural rights theory. Effect: Justification for revolution.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's focus on individualism?
Cause: Focus on individualism. Effect: Rise of feminism and abolitionism.
What was the cause and effect of the rise of nationalism?
Cause: Rise of nationalism. Effect: Creation of new states and revolutions.
What was the cause and effect of Deism?
Cause: Deism. Effect: Shift from faith to reason in religious thought.
What was the cause and effect of challenging social hierarchies?
Cause: Challenging social hierarchies. Effect: Tension and conflict.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on women?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on women. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on enslaved people?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on enslaved people. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on serfs?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on serfs. Effect: Demands for equality.
What was the cause and effect of the Enlightenment's influence on abolitionism?
Cause: Enlightenment influence on abolitionism. Effect: Movement to end slavery.
What was the significance of the Enlightenment?
Shifted thinking to reason, individualism, skepticism; groundwork for democracy.
What was the impact of challenging traditional authority?
Led to challenges to patriarchy, slavery, and monarchy, causing tension.
What was the effect of Enlightenment ideas on marginalized groups?
Inspired demands for equality from enslaved people, women, and serfs.
What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?
Key moment in women's rights, Declaration of Sentiments included women.
What was the effect of nationalism?
Fueled state creation (Italy, Germany) and revolutions (American, Haitian).
What was the impact of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'?
Argued for American independence from Britain, influencing the Revolution.
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on religion?
Shift towards Deism, emphasizing reason over faith in religious matters.
What was the impact of questioning traditional authority?
Challenges to patriarchy, slavery, and monarchy, leading to revolutions.
What was the role of the Enlightenment in the rise of Feminism?
Enlightenment ideals of equality contributed to the rise of feminism.
What was the role of the Enlightenment in the rise of Abolitionism?
Enlightenment ideals of equality contributed to the rise of abolitionism.