All Flashcards
What was the significance of the Enlightenment?
Shifted thinking to reason, individualism, skepticism; groundwork for democracy.
What was the impact of challenging traditional authority?
Led to challenges to patriarchy, slavery, and monarchy, causing tension.
What was the effect of Enlightenment ideas on marginalized groups?
Inspired demands for equality from enslaved people, women, and serfs.
What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?
Key moment in women's rights, Declaration of Sentiments included women.
What was the effect of nationalism?
Fueled state creation (Italy, Germany) and revolutions (American, Haitian).
What was the impact of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'?
Argued for American independence from Britain, influencing the Revolution.
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on religion?
Shift towards Deism, emphasizing reason over faith in religious matters.
What was the impact of questioning traditional authority?
Challenges to patriarchy, slavery, and monarchy, leading to revolutions.
What was the role of the Enlightenment in the rise of Feminism?
Enlightenment ideals of equality contributed to the rise of feminism.
What was the role of the Enlightenment in the rise of Abolitionism?
Enlightenment ideals of equality contributed to the rise of abolitionism.
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Believed humanity's natural state was chaos, needed strong government.
Who was John Locke?
Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and social contract.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances.
Who was Voltaire?
Championed freedom of religion, speech, and separation of church/state.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Emphasized the common good and the will of the people in social contract.
Who was Adam Smith?
Father of capitalism and free markets, believed in self-interest benefit.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Advocated for American independence in 'Common Sense'.
What did John Locke believe?
Natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
What did Montesquieu advocate?
Separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
What did Voltaire champion?
Freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state.
What did Rousseau emphasize?
Importance of the common good and the will of the people.
What did Adam Smith introduce?
Capitalism and free markets.
What is the Enlightenment?
18th-century movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism.
What is 'Tabula Rasa'?
The idea that people are born as a 'blank slate,' shaped by experience.
What are natural rights?
Inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, not granted by governments.
What is the social contract?
Agreement where people give up some freedoms for government protection.
What is nationalism?
Loyalty and devotion to one's nation, a sense of shared identity.
What is Deism?
Belief in a creator who established natural laws but doesn't intervene.
What is Empiricism?
Knowledge derived from observation and experiments.
What is Socialism?
The public or workers should own the means of production.
What is Classical Liberalism?
Ideas pushing back on traditional politics, society, and economics.
What is Classical Conservatism?
Belief in natural social order, traditional monarchies & nobility.
What is Utopian Socialism?
Ideal societies designed to maximize harmony and equality.
What is Feminism?
Belief that women’s rights are human rights.
What is Abolitionism?
Movement to end slavery and extend rights.
What is Zionism?
Desire for Jewish homeland in the Middle East.
What is Anti-Semitism?
Hostility toward Jews