All Flashcards
What happened during the American Revolution?
American colonies fought for and won independence from Great Britain (1775-1783).
What happened during the French Revolution?
French society overthrew the monarchy, leading to radical changes and eventually Napoleonic rule (1789-1799).
What happened during the Haitian Revolution?
Enslaved people in Haiti revolted and established the first black-led republic (1791-1804).
What happened during the Latin American Revolutions?
Creoles led movements for independence from Spanish rule in the early 1800s.
What happened during the New Zealand Wars?
Maori tribes resisted British colonial expansion in New Zealand (1845-1872).
What happened during Italian Unification?
Various Italian states were united into a single nation (1815-1871).
What happened during German Unification?
German states were united into a single empire under Prussian leadership (1815-1871).
What was the Storming of the Bastille?
A pivotal event in the French Revolution; a symbol of the people's uprising against royal authority.
What was the Reign of Terror?
A period of extreme violence and executions during the French Revolution.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
A fundamental document of the French Revolution that defined individual and collective rights.
What were the causes and effects of the American Revolution?
Cause: British taxes without representation. Effect: American independence and a constitutional republic.
What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution?
Cause: Debt, social inequality. Effect: Abolition of feudalism, instability, and Napoleonic rule.
What were the causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution?
Cause: Slavery and French colonial rule. Effect: First black-led republic and land redistribution.
What were the causes and effects of the Latin American Revolutions?
Cause: Creole frustration with Spanish rule. Effect: Independent nations, but continued oppression.
What were the causes and effects of Italian Unification?
Cause: Nationalism. Effect: Creation of a unified Italy.
What were the causes and effects of German Unification?
Cause: Nationalism and Realpolitik. Effect: Creation of a unified German Empire.
What were the causes and effects of Balkan Nationalism?
Cause: Decline of the Ottoman Empire and nationalism. Effect: Independence movements in Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania.
What were the causes and effects of the Enlightenment?
Cause: Dissatisfaction with absolute monarchies and religious dogma. Effect: Revolutions, emphasis on individual rights, and new forms of government.
What were the causes and effects of British Imperialism in New Zealand?
Cause: British industrialization and desire for resources. Effect: Annexation of New Zealand and conflict with Maori tribes.
What were the causes and effects of the Seven Years' War?
Cause: Colonial disputes between Great Britain and France. Effect: Increased British debt and subsequent taxation of American colonies.
Who was John Locke?
Enlightenment thinker who advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property).
Who was Montesquieu?
Enlightenment thinker who advocated for separation of powers in government.
Who was Rousseau?
Enlightenment thinker who emphasized the social contract between people and government.
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
Leader of the Haitian Revolution, leading enslaved people to independence.
Who was Simon Bolivar?
Led independence movements in South America.
Who was Count di Cavour?
Used Realpolitik to unify Italy.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Used wars and political maneuvering to unify Germany.
Who was Lola Rodriguez de Tio?
A poet who inspired revolution against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico and Cuba.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars.
Who were Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi?
Key figures in the Italian Unification.