What was the significance of Perry's arrival in Japan (1853)?

Forced Japan to end its isolationist policy and begin modernization.

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What was the significance of Perry's arrival in Japan (1853)?
Forced Japan to end its isolationist policy and begin modernization.
What were the key changes of the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)?
End of feudalism, constitutional monarchy, equality before the law, military reorganization, education expansion, infrastructure development, and government subsidies.
What was the impact of the Abolition of Serfdom in Russia (1861)?
Allowed serfs to move to cities and work in factories, contributing to industrial growth.
What was the goal of Muhammad Ali's reforms in Egypt (1830s)?
To industrialize Egypt and strengthen it against the Ottoman Empire.
What was the impact of the Trans-Siberian Railway?
A major infrastructure project that boosted Russian industrialization by connecting vast regions.
What was the result of the end of Feudalism in Japan?
Centralized government.
What was the result of military reorganization in Japan?
They built a modern army with conscription (mandatory military service).
What was the result of education expansion in Japan?
More schools were built to train the next generation of engineers and thinkers.
What was the result of infrastructure development in Japan?
Railroads and roads were built to connect the country.
What was the result of government subsidies in Japan?
The government helped out key industries like tea, silk, shipbuilding, and sake.
What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration?
Cause: Forced opening by Perry. Effects: Rapid modernization, industrialization, and rise as a global power.
What were the causes and effects of the abolition of serfdom in Russia?
Cause: Desire for social reform and labor mobility. Effect: Increased labor supply for factories, but also social unrest.
What were the causes and effects of the failure of Egyptian industrialization?
Causes: Over-reliance on cotton, excessive debt, European interference. Effects: Economic dependence on Europe and limited industrial growth.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's isolationist policy?
Cause: To preserve its unique culture and political stability. Effect: Lagged behind in technology and military power compared to Western nations.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Infrastructure Investment?
Cause: To connect the vast empire. Effect: Boosted industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Protectionist Tariffs?
Cause: To protect Russian industries. Effect: Made imported goods more expensive.
What were the causes and effects of Russian State-Owned Factories?
Cause: To directly control and operate some factories. Effect: Government directly owned and operated some factories.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Foreign Investment?
Cause: To encourage foreign companies to invest in Russia. Effect: Increased industrial growth.
Compare Japanese and Russian industrialization.
Japan's was more rapid and comprehensive, driven by internal reforms. Russia's was uneven, state-led, and relied on foreign investment.
Compare the outcomes of industrialization in Japan and Egypt.
Japan became a major global power, while Egypt became economically dependent on Europe.
Compare State-Led and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
State-led is when the government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations. Laissez-faire capitalism is where the market is largely unregulated.