All Flashcards
Compare Japanese and Russian industrialization.
Japan's was more rapid and comprehensive, driven by internal reforms. Russia's was uneven, state-led, and relied on foreign investment.
Compare the outcomes of industrialization in Japan and Egypt.
Japan became a major global power, while Egypt became economically dependent on Europe.
Compare State-Led and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
State-led is when the government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations. Laissez-faire capitalism is where the market is largely unregulated.
Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
U.S. naval officer who forced Japan to open up to trade in 1853.
Who was Emperor Meiji?
Key figure in Japan's modernization during the Meiji Restoration.
Who was Tsar Alexander II?
Russian Tsar who abolished serfdom in 1861.
Who was Muhammad Ali?
Egyptian ruler who attempted to industrialize Egypt in the 1830s.
Who were the Samurai?
The traditional warrior class, known for their loyalty and martial skills.
Who were the serfs?
An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration?
Cause: Forced opening by Perry. Effects: Rapid modernization, industrialization, and rise as a global power.
What were the causes and effects of the abolition of serfdom in Russia?
Cause: Desire for social reform and labor mobility. Effect: Increased labor supply for factories, but also social unrest.
What were the causes and effects of the failure of Egyptian industrialization?
Causes: Over-reliance on cotton, excessive debt, European interference. Effects: Economic dependence on Europe and limited industrial growth.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's isolationist policy?
Cause: To preserve its unique culture and political stability. Effect: Lagged behind in technology and military power compared to Western nations.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Infrastructure Investment?
Cause: To connect the vast empire. Effect: Boosted industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Protectionist Tariffs?
Cause: To protect Russian industries. Effect: Made imported goods more expensive.
What were the causes and effects of Russian State-Owned Factories?
Cause: To directly control and operate some factories. Effect: Government directly owned and operated some factories.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Foreign Investment?
Cause: To encourage foreign companies to invest in Russia. Effect: Increased industrial growth.