All Flashcards
Compare Japanese and Russian industrialization.
Japan's was more rapid and comprehensive, driven by internal reforms. Russia's was uneven, state-led, and relied on foreign investment.
Compare the outcomes of industrialization in Japan and Egypt.
Japan became a major global power, while Egypt became economically dependent on Europe.
Compare State-Led and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
State-led is when the government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations. Laissez-faire capitalism is where the market is largely unregulated.
What is State-Led Industrialization?
Government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations.
Define Sakoku.
Japan's period of self-imposed isolation from the outside world.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A period of rapid modernization and westernization in Japan from 1868-1912.
Define Bushido.
The code of conduct followed by the Samurai, emphasizing honor and courage.
What are Protectionist Tariffs?
Government-imposed taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industries.
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
A system of government where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution.
What is infrastructure?
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
What are government subsidies?
Financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or generally) with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.
What is imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
What is economic dependence?
A situation in which less developed countries depend on developed countries for economic assistance, trade, and investment.
What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration?
Cause: Forced opening by Perry. Effects: Rapid modernization, industrialization, and rise as a global power.
What were the causes and effects of the abolition of serfdom in Russia?
Cause: Desire for social reform and labor mobility. Effect: Increased labor supply for factories, but also social unrest.
What were the causes and effects of the failure of Egyptian industrialization?
Causes: Over-reliance on cotton, excessive debt, European interference. Effects: Economic dependence on Europe and limited industrial growth.
What were the causes and effects of Japan's isolationist policy?
Cause: To preserve its unique culture and political stability. Effect: Lagged behind in technology and military power compared to Western nations.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Infrastructure Investment?
Cause: To connect the vast empire. Effect: Boosted industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Protectionist Tariffs?
Cause: To protect Russian industries. Effect: Made imported goods more expensive.
What were the causes and effects of Russian State-Owned Factories?
Cause: To directly control and operate some factories. Effect: Government directly owned and operated some factories.
What were the causes and effects of Russian Foreign Investment?
Cause: To encourage foreign companies to invest in Russia. Effect: Increased industrial growth.