All Flashcards
What was the significance of Perry's arrival in Japan (1853)?
Forced Japan to end its isolationist policy and begin modernization.
What were the key changes of the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)?
End of feudalism, constitutional monarchy, equality before the law, military reorganization, education expansion, infrastructure development, and government subsidies.
What was the impact of the Abolition of Serfdom in Russia (1861)?
Allowed serfs to move to cities and work in factories, contributing to industrial growth.
What was the goal of Muhammad Ali's reforms in Egypt (1830s)?
To industrialize Egypt and strengthen it against the Ottoman Empire.
What was the impact of the Trans-Siberian Railway?
A major infrastructure project that boosted Russian industrialization by connecting vast regions.
What was the result of the end of Feudalism in Japan?
Centralized government.
What was the result of military reorganization in Japan?
They built a modern army with conscription (mandatory military service).
What was the result of education expansion in Japan?
More schools were built to train the next generation of engineers and thinkers.
What was the result of infrastructure development in Japan?
Railroads and roads were built to connect the country.
What was the result of government subsidies in Japan?
The government helped out key industries like tea, silk, shipbuilding, and sake.
Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
U.S. naval officer who forced Japan to open up to trade in 1853.
Who was Emperor Meiji?
Key figure in Japan's modernization during the Meiji Restoration.
Who was Tsar Alexander II?
Russian Tsar who abolished serfdom in 1861.
Who was Muhammad Ali?
Egyptian ruler who attempted to industrialize Egypt in the 1830s.
Who were the Samurai?
The traditional warrior class, known for their loyalty and martial skills.
Who were the serfs?
An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
Compare Japanese and Russian industrialization.
Japan's was more rapid and comprehensive, driven by internal reforms. Russia's was uneven, state-led, and relied on foreign investment.
Compare the outcomes of industrialization in Japan and Egypt.
Japan became a major global power, while Egypt became economically dependent on Europe.
Compare State-Led and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
State-led is when the government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations. Laissez-faire capitalism is where the market is largely unregulated.