Land-Based Empires (1450-1750)
Which cataclysmic event lead to population declines in European societies during the Late Middle Ages?
War of the Spanish Succession
Observation of increasing temperatures
Black Death
World War I
What system did the Spanish crown establish in its American colonies to regulate Native American labor and reward settlers with land, which subsequently influenced local economies and trade?
Feudalism
Caste system
Plantation system
Encomienda system
Which of the following demonstrates a common strategy used by both the Russian and Ottoman Empires to consolidate their rule in newly acquired territories during the 15th-18th centuries?
They both implemented policies to assimilate and suppress local cultures.
They both pursued aggressive expansionary policies without focusing on consolidation.
They both encouraged migration from their core territories to change the demographic balance.
They both adopted local customs and integrated them into their own culture.
Which empire's administrative system most directly influenced the development of modern bureaucratic states through its practices of civil service examinations and merit-based promotion?
The Russian Empire under Peter the Great's westernization reforms.
The Mughal Empire with its Mansabdari system.
The Ottoman Empire with its devshirme system.
The Chinese Empire under the Ming and Qing dynasties.
What could be a long-term consequence for Russia if Peter the Great had prioritized agricultural reforms over westernizing and militarizing his realm during his reign?
Exacerbated serfdom conditions causing widespread revolts across Russian lands sooner than historical peasant uprisings.
Created dependencies on foreign grain imports leading to economic vulnerability.
Stagnation of technological progress leaving Russia vulnerable to later Napoleonic invasions without modernized defenses.
Possibly triggering earlier industrial development through improved agrarian productivity and wealth distribution.
Which ideology emerged during this period providing justification for absolutist rule that simultaneously enabled monarchs like Louis XIV of France to centralize authority yet proved challenging when applied within multiethnic empires such as Austria-Hungary?
Enlightenment principles encouraged sovereign rational governance which some rulers used as a centralizing force despite posing problems due to conflicting national identities.
Divine Right Monarchy justified rulers' centralized power but often clashed with different ethnic groups' own claims.
Absolutism supported centralized control but provided no guidelines for managing ethnically diverse subjects effectively.
Mercantilism advocated for strong monarchical oversight over the economy which indirectly supported centralization but was neutral towards ethnic diversity issues.
How might the geopolitical landscape of South Asia have been altered if Akbar had not implemented policies of religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire?
The Mughal Empire would have expanded further westward into Europe.
The agricultural revolution in South Asia would have occurred earlier.
Hindu states may have posed a significant resistance, leading to prolonged conflicts.
The Portuguese would have established a stronger presence in India.

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Which social policy did Safavid Iran share with Mughal India during the period being studied?
The implementation of political alliances through marriage ties for consolidating power
Abolition of caste or class systems while promoting equality among citizens
Encouragement for mass migration within the empire to facilitate cultural assimilation
Mass education campaigns for promoting literacy among peasants
Which Land-Based Empire is associated with a policy of religious tolerance during the period between 1450-1750?
Safavid Persia
Ming China
The Qing Dynasty
The Ottoman Empire
Which of the following is NOT a Gunpowder Empire?
Ottoman
Safavid
Manchu
Mughal